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Adventitial vessel growth and progenitor cells activation in an ex vivo culture system mimicking human saphenous vein wall strain after coronary artery bypass grafting.

ABSTRACT: Saphenous vein graft disease is a timely problem in coronary artery bypass grafting. Indeed, after exposure of the vein to arterial blood flow, a progressive modification in the wall begins, due to proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the intima. As a consequence, the graft progressively occludes and this leads to recurrent ischemia. In the present study we employed a novel ex vivo culture system to assess the biological effects of arterial-like pressure on the human saphenous vein structure and physiology, and to compare the results to those achieved in the presence of a constant low pressure and flow mimicking the physiologic vein perfusion. While under both conditions we found an activation of Matrix Metallo-Proteases 2/9 and of microRNAs-21/146a/221, a specific effect of the arterial-like pressure was observed. This consisted in a marked geometrical remodeling, in the suppression of Tissue Inhibitor of Metallo-Protease-1, in the enhanced expression of TGF-?1 and BMP-2 mRNAs and, finally, in the upregulation of microRNAs-138/200b/200c. In addition, the veins exposed to arterial-like pressure showed an increase in the density of the adventitial vasa vasorum and of cells co-expressing NG2, CD44 and SM22? markers in the adventitia. Cells with nuclear expression of Sox-10, a transcription factor characterizing multipotent vascular stem cells, were finally found in adventitial vessels. Our findings suggest, for the first time, a role of arterial-like wall strain in the activation of pro-pathologic pathways resulting in adventitial vessels growth, activation of vasa vasorum cells, and upregulation of specific gene products associated to vascular remodeling and inflammation.

SUBMITTER: Prandi F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4331547 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adventitial vessel growth and progenitor cells activation in an ex vivo culture system mimicking human saphenous vein wall strain after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Prandi Francesca F Piola Marco M Soncini Monica M Colussi Claudia C D'Alessandra Yuri Y Penza Eleonora E Agrifoglio Marco M Vinci Maria Cristina MC Polvani Gianluca G Gaetano Carlo C Fiore Gianfranco Beniamino GB Pesce Maurizio M

PloS one 20150217 2

Saphenous vein graft disease is a timely problem in coronary artery bypass grafting. Indeed, after exposure of the vein to arterial blood flow, a progressive modification in the wall begins, due to proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the intima. As a consequence, the graft progressively occludes and this leads to recurrent ischemia. In the present study we employed a novel ex vivo culture system to assess the biological effects of arterial-like pressure on the human saphenous vein structure ...[more]

PMID: 25689822

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Project description:BackgroundVascular adventitia contains progenitor cells and is shown to participate in vascular remolding. Progenitor cells are recruited into the venous thrombi in mice to promote neovascularization. We hypothesized that the adventitial progenitor cells of human great saphenous vein (HGSV-AdPC) enhance the resolution of venous thrombosis via neovascularization.MethodsHuman great saphenous vein (HGSV) was harvested from the patients with great saphenous vein varicose and sectioned for immunohistochemistry, or minced for progenitor cell primary culture, or placed in sodium dodecyl sulfate solution for decellularization. Human venous thrombi were collected from patients with great saphenous vein varicose and superficial thrombophlebitis. Infrarenal abdominal aorta of New Zealand white rabbits was replaced with interposing decellularized vessel, and the patency of the grafts was confirmed by ultrasonic examination. Animal venous thrombi in the left infrarenal vena cava of mice were produced with Prolene suture ligation and ophthalmic force clipping of this portion. After HGSVs were digested by collagenase, the CD34+CD117+ HGSV-AdPC were isolated on FACS system, labelled with CM-Dil, and transplanted into the adventitia of infrarenal vena cava of nude mice. The percentage of thrombus organization area to the thrombus area was calculated as the organization rate. The thrombus cell, endothelial cells, and macrophages in the thrombi were counted in sections. Cell smears and frozen sections of human saphenous veins and venous thrombi were labeled with Sca1, CD34, CD117, Flk1, CD31, and F4/80 antibodies. The CD34+CD117+ HGSV-AdPC were cultured in endothelial growth medium with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to induce endothelial cell differentiation and analyzed with real time-PCR, Western blotting, and tube formation assays.ResultsImmunohistochemical staining showed that the CD34+CD117+ cells were located within the adventitia of HGSVs, and many CD34+ and CD117+ cells have emerged in the human venous thrombi. The number of progenitor cells within the marginal area of 7 days mice thrombi was shown to be Sca1+ ≈21%, CD34+ ≈12%, CD117+ ≈9%, and Flk1+ ≈5%. Many CD34+adventitial progenitor cells have migrated into the decellularized vessels. FACS showed that the number of CD34+CD117+ HGSV-AdPC in primary cultured cells as 1.2 ± 0.07%. After CD34+CD117+HGSV-AdPC were transplanted into the adventitia of nude mice vena cava with venous thrombi, the organization rate, nucleate cell count, endothelial cells, and macrophage cells of thrombi were shown to be significantly increased. The transplanted CD34+CD117+ HGSV-AdPC at the adventitia have crossed the vein wall, entered the venous thrombi, and differentiated into endothelial cells. The CD34+CD117+ HGSV-AdPC in the culture medium in the presence of VEGF-promoted gene and protein expression of endothelial cell markers in vitro and induced tube formation.ConclusionsHGSV-AdPC could cross the vein wall and migrate from the adventitia into the venous thrombi. Increased HGSV-AdPC in the adventitia has enhanced the resolution of venous thrombi via differentiating into endothelial cells of neovascularization.

Project description:Background Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is associated with metabolically driven chronic inflammation called metaflammation, which contributes to vascular function and the pathogenesis of vascular disease. The saphenous vein (SV) is commonly used as an essential conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting, but the long-term patency of SV grafts is a crucial issue. The use of the novel "no-touch" technique of SV harvesting together with its surrounding tissue has been reported to result in good long‑term graft patency of SV grafts. Herein, we investigated whether PVAT surrounding the SV (SV-PVAT) has distinct phenotypes compared with other PVATs of vessels. Methods and Results Fat pads were sampled from 48 patients (male/female, 32/16; age, 72±8 years) with coronary artery disease who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Adipocyte size in SV-PVAT was significantly larger than the sizes in PVATs surrounding the internal thoracic artery, coronary artery, and aorta. SV-PVAT and PVAT surrounding the internal thoracic artery had smaller extents of fibrosis, decreased gene expression levels of fibrosis-related markers, and less metaflammation, as indicated by a significantly smaller extent of cluster of differentiation 11c-positive M1 macrophage infiltration, higher gene expression level of adiponectin, and lower gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, than did PVATs surrounding the coronary artery and aorta. Expression patterns of adipocyte developmental and pattern-forming genes were totally different among the PVATs of the vessels. Conclusions The phenotype of SV-PVAT, which may result from inherent differences in adipocytes, is closer to that of PVAT surrounding the internal thoracic artery than that of PVAT surrounding the coronary artery or that of PVAT surrounding the aorta. SV-PVAT has less metaflammation and consecutive adipose tissue remodeling, which may contribute to high long-term patency of grafting when the no-touch technique of SV harvesting is used.

Project description:BackgroundThis study sought to compare and evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Y-type coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and sequential CABG. However, the prognosis and complication rate of the two treatments are different. Therefore, we need to systematically compare the efficacy and safety of the two surgical schemes.MethodsA total of 112 patients who underwent Y-type CABG and 113 patients who underwent sequential CABG were selected from January 2020 to December 2020. The patients undergoing Y-type CABG of the great saphenous vein (SV) were classified as the experimental group, and those undergoing sequential anastomosis were classified as the control group. The intraoperative blood flow at each anastomotic site of the venous sequential CABG, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVEDD) at the end of 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery, the incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events, and coronary angiography (CAG) after readmissions due to similar symptoms were compared between the 2 groups. The bridging vascular blockage rate was also determined.ResultsThere was no significant difference in cardiac function between the 2 groups in the short term, and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in the 2 groups mainly occurred in the middle-postoperative period (1 year after surgery) or later. There was no statistical difference in the intraoperative real-time blood flow measurements at each anastomosis of the venous bridge between the 2 groups. Compared to the control group, the LVEF of the experimental group was significantly increased at the 1-year follow-up point (51.6±5.1 vs. 67.6±5.6, P=0.001). During the operation of Y-type coronary artery bypass grafting, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events, vascular bridge, and anastomotic blockage were significantly decreased (16 vs. 39, P=0.023).ConclusionsLarge SV Y-type CABG can improve postoperative left heart function and reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse events, which may be of great significance for improving the postoperative mid-term survival rate of patients.

Dataset Information

Adventitial vessel growth and progenitor cells activation in an ex vivo culture system mimicking human saphenous vein wall strain after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Publications

Adventitial vessel growth and progenitor cells activation in an ex vivo culture system mimicking human saphenous vein wall strain after coronary artery bypass grafting.

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