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Full genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus in gibbons and a caretaker in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.

ABSTRACT: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) from gibbons was characterized, and the possibility of horizontal transmission between gibbons and humans was examined in a gibbon rehabilitation center in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ten gibbons that were positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on arrival and 13 caretakers for those gibbons were included in this study. The duration of stay at the rehabilitation center ranged from 1 to 10 years. Serological and molecular analyses were performed. Six gibbons were positive for HBsAg, whereas HBV DNA was detected in all ten of the gibbons sampled. On the other hand, HBsAg was detected in only 1 of the 13 caretakers. HBV samples from seven gibbons and from the one infected human were chosen for complete genome sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cluster of gibbon strains in this study was distinct from strains previously reported from other countries. In the pre-S1 region, we found a unique amino acid residue substitution (P89K), three insertions between T87 and L88 in the genomes of three gibbons, and a 33-nucleotide deletion at the start of pre-S1 that is common in non-human primates. The caretaker sample was identified as HBV subgenotype B3, the most common type in Indonesia. For the complete HBV sequences, the similarity between gibbons in this study and other non-human primate and human HBV isolates was 90-91.9 % and 85.5-89.6 %, respectively. In conclusion, the gibbon HBV genotype was influenced by geographic location and species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report characterizing the HBV genes and genomes of indigenous gibbons in Indonesia.

SUBMITTER: Utsumi T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4336649 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundDengue fever is a febrile disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), which affects people throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Indonesia. East Kalimantan (Borneo) province suffered a dramatic increase in dengue cases in 2015 and 2016, making it the province with the second highest incidence of dengue in Indonesia. Despite this, dengue in East Kalimantan is understudied; leaving transmission dynamics of the disease in the area are mostly unknown. In this study, we investigate the factors contributing to the outbreaks in East Kalimantan.MethodsProspective clinical and molecular virology study was conducted in two main cities in the province, namely Samarinda and Balikpapan, in 2015-2016. Patients' clinical, hematological, and demographic data were recorded. Dengue detection and confirmation was performed using NS1-antigen and IgG/IgM antibody detection. RT-PCR was conducted to determine the serotypes of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on envelope gene sequences.ResultsThree hundred patients with suspected dengue were recruited. Among these, 132 (44%) were diagnosed with dengue by NS1 antigen and/or nucleic acid detection. The majority of the infections (60%) were primary, with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) the predominant manifestation (71.9%). Serotyping detected all four DENV serotypes in 112 (37.3%) cases, with the majority of patients (58.9%) infected by DENV-3. Phylogenetic analysis based on envelope gene sequences revealed the genotypes of the viruses as DENV-1 Genotype I, DENV-2 Cosmopolitan, and DENV-3 Genotype I. Most virus strains were closely-related to strains from cities in Indonesia.ConclusionsOur observations indicate that multiple introductions of endemic DENV from surrounding cities in Indonesia, coupled with relatively low herd immunity, were likely responsible for the outbreak of the dominant viruses. The study provides information on the clinical spectrum of the disease, together with serology, viral genetics, and demographic data, which will be useful for better understanding of dengue disease in Borneo.

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Full genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus in gibbons and a caretaker in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.

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