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Digit ratio (2D:4D) and altruism: evidence from a large, multi-ethnic sample.

ABSTRACT: We look at the links between the Digit Ratio-the ratio of the length of the index finger to the length of the ring finger-for both right and left hands, and giving in a Dictator Game. Unlike previous studies with exclusively Caucasian subjects, we consider a large, ethnically diverse sample. Our main results are as follows. First, for Caucasian subjects we estimate a significant positive regression coefficient for the right hand digit ratio and a significant negative coefficient for its squared measure. These results replicate the findings of Brañas-Garza et al. (2013), who also observe an inverted U-shaped relationship for Caucasian subjects. Second, we are not able to find any significant association of the right hand digit ratio with giving in the Dictator Game for the other main ethnic groups in our sample, nor in the pooled sample. Third, we find no significant association between giving in the Dictator Game and the left hand digit ratio.

SUBMITTER: Galizzi MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4337370 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Digit ratio (2D:4D) and altruism: evidence from a large, multi-ethnic sample.

Galizzi Matteo M MM Nieboer Jeroen J

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 20150223

We look at the links between the Digit Ratio-the ratio of the length of the index finger to the length of the ring finger-for both right and left hands, and giving in a Dictator Game. Unlike previous studies with exclusively Caucasian subjects, we consider a large, ethnically diverse sample. Our main results are as follows. First, for Caucasian subjects we estimate a significant positive regression coefficient for the right hand digit ratio and a significant negative coefficient for its squared ...[more]

PMID: 25755639

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Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Is Not Associated with Alzheimer's Disease in the Elderly.

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Digit ratio (2D:4D) and transgender identity: new original data and a meta-analysis.

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Digit ratio (2D:4D) in relation to substance and computer use: a meta-analysis.

Project description:Human studies have reported inconsistent associations between the length ratio of the second finger to the fourth finger (2D:4D), which is a proxy for prenatal androgen load, and substance or computer use in adolescents and adults. This meta-analysis quantifies the magnitude of this relationship and investigates the roles of sex, definition of caseness, different forms of addiction, the hand measured (right hand versus left hand), and other cohort characteristics. Univariate random-effects meta-analyses were performed, and moderators were tested with Bonferroni-corrected meta-regression analyses. The study included 18 independent samples with a total of 175,955 participants (96,316 males and 79,639 females). There was a significant difference in 2D:4D between the substance and computer-using subjects and the controls for the combined sample (Hedge's g = - 0.178 [- 0.291; - 0.064]) and for males (Hedge's g = - 0.260 [- 0.399; - 0.122]), but not for females. These effects were amplified when only analyzing studies that compared dependent versus non-dependent subjects (combined sample: g = - 0.325 [- 0.492; - 0.157]; males: g = - 0.427 [- 0.564; - 0.291]), but did not reach significance in the subgroup of studies examining other parameters of substance and computer use. When analyzing different forms of substance and computer use separately, alcohol intake and computer use revealed a significant difference in the standardized mean. Again, the effects were amplified when analyzing the subgroup of males and the subgroup of studies comparing dependent versus non-dependent subjects, with effect sizes showing Hedge's g values as many as - 0.552 [- 0.785; - 0.319] (alcohol-dependent males). Thus, this meta-analysis confirms that lower 2D:4D is associated with substance and computer dependency. Further studies are encouraged to explore the link between intrauterine hormone environment and addiction risk.

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Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in national case fatality rates.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The reported national case fatality rates (CFRs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a sex bias with males > females. The relative lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) fingers (digit ratio; 2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic (males < females) proxy of fetal sex steroids (low 2D:4D indicates high prenatal testosterone/low prenatal estrogen). AIM:To examine sex-specific relationships of 2D:4D per nation with national values of COVID-19 CFRs. STUDY DESIGN:COVID-19 CFRs and the percent of male deaths were related to mean national (self-reported) 2D:4D by sex and hand from a large online survey (the BBC Internet Study). SUBJECTS:103,482 men and 83,366 women. OUTCOME MEASURES:Relationships of mean national 2D:4D with CFRs from 41 countries and with national male death rates from 16 countries. RESULTS:Male right and left hand 2D:4D showed positive relationships with CFR. These relationships remained significant after removing the influence of female 2D:4D. A positive association of male right and left 2D:4D was detected with the percentage of male deaths. CONCLUSIONS:At the national level, high mean 2D:4D (indicating low prenatal testosterone/high prenatal estrogen) is associated with high CFRs and percent male mortality. At the individual level, high 2D:4D may be a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 in males. We speculate that male 2D:4D is a negative correlate for expression of the SARS-CoV2 receptor (ACE2).

| S-EPMC7224643 | biostudies-literature

Digit ratio (2D:4D) and academic success as measured by achievement in the academic degree "Habilitation".

Project description:IntroductionPrenatal androgen exposure has important organizing effects on brain development and therefore on future behavior. Previous research has shown, that the ratio between index finger (2D) and ring finger (4D) (2D:4D) could function as a marker of prenatal androgen effects, with a relatively shorter 2D indicating a higher prenatal androgen exposure. 2D:4D is associated with status-seeking and competitive behavior but also with altruism. Therefore, 2D:4D should be related to academic success.MethodsWe examined the 2D:4D of both hands, as well as the difference between both variables (Dr-l), of 209 university graduates (74 women) employed at the Medical Faculty of the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany, and we assessed the relationship of these variables with academic career performance. Career performance was measured by the number of publications as first or last author, and by achievement of an academic degree used in many European countries, the so-called "Habilitation".ResultsIn a within-sex analysis we found a non-monotonic association between the right hand digit ratio and the probability of having a "Habilitation" in females. Academic success, measured by the number of publications as first or last author and the probability of a "Habilitation", increases with age. In agreement with the literature, we found higher academic success in men.ConclusionWe found a non-monotonic relationship between right hand 2D:4D and academic success in females. However, the significance of this relationship was weak.

| S-EPMC6388918 | biostudies-literature

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