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Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates grape bud dormancy, and dormancy release stimuli may act through modification of ABA metabolism.

ABSTRACT: In warm-winter regions, induction of dormancy release by hydrogen cyanamide (HC) is mandatory for commercial table grape production. Induction of respiratory stress by HC leads to dormancy release via an uncharacterized biochemical cascade that could reveal the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Previous studies proposed a central role for abscisic acid (ABA) in the repression of bud meristem activity, and suggested its removal as a critical step in the HC-induced cascade. In the current study, support for these assumptions was sought. The data show that ABA indeed inhibits dormancy release in grape (Vitis vinifera) buds and attenuates the advancing effect of HC. However, HC-dependent recovery was detected, and was affected by dormancy status. HC reduced VvXERICO and VvNCED transcript levels and induced levels of VvABA8'OH homologues. Regulation of these central players in ABA metabolism correlated with decreased ABA and increased ABA catabolite levels in HC-treated buds. Interestingly, an inhibitor of ethylene signalling attenuated these effects of HC on ABA metabolism. HC also modulated the expression of ABA signalling regulators, in a manner that supports a decreased ABA level and response. Taken together, the data support HC-induced removal of ABA-mediated repression via regulation of ABA metabolism and signalling. Expression profiling during the natural dormancy cycle revealed that at maximal dormancy, the HC-regulated VvNCED1 transcript level starts to drop. In parallel, levels of VvA8H-CYP707A4 transcript and ABA catabolites increase sharply. This may provide initial support for the involvement of ABA metabolism also in the execution of natural dormancy.

SUBMITTER: Zheng C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4339608 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates grape bud dormancy, and dormancy release stimuli may act through modification of ABA metabolism.

Zheng Chuanlin C Halaly Tamar T Acheampong Atiako Kwame AK Takebayashi Yumiko Y Jikumaru Yusuke Y Kamiya Yuji Y Or Etti E

Journal of experimental botany 20150105 5

In warm-winter regions, induction of dormancy release by hydrogen cyanamide (HC) is mandatory for commercial table grape production. Induction of respiratory stress by HC leads to dormancy release via an uncharacterized biochemical cascade that could reveal the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Previous studies proposed a central role for abscisic acid (ABA) in the repression of bud meristem activity, and suggested its removal as a critical step in the HC-induced cascade. In the current stud ...[more]

PMID: 25560179

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Project description:Bud endodormancy induction response of two genotypes (‘Seyval’ a hybrid white wine grape and V. riparia, PI588259 a native north american species) was compared under long (15h) and short (13h) photoperiod. Three separate replicates (5 plants/replicate) were treated to generate paradormant (LD) and same aged endodormancy-induced (SD) buds for transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis. Potted, spur-pruned two to six-year-old vines were removed from cold storage (Seyval 3-19-07; V. riparia 3/26/07) and grown under a LD (15 h) at 25/20 + 3C day/night temperatures (D/N). When vines reached 12-15 nodes (3-25-07) they were randomized into LD or SD treatments with 25/20 + 3C D/N in climate controlled greenhouses with automated photoperiod system (VRE Greenhouse Systems). Three replications (5 vines/replication) were harvested between 5/07-6/07 and then again in 5/08-6/08 for a total of six replications. All treatments are repeated at the same time every year and harvested at the same time of day each year to minimize biological noise. At 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days of LD and SD treatment, buds were harvested from nodes 3 to 12 of each separate replicate, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, and placed at -80C for future RNA, protein and metabolite extraction. These time points encompass early reversible phases as well as key time points during transition to irreversible endodormancy development. After photoperiod treatments and bud harvests, all pruned vines were returned to LD and monitored for bud endodormancy. The endodormant vines were identified after 28 days and moved to cold storage. The nondormant vines were allowed to grow again and induced into dormancy at a later date. Acknowledgement:This study was funded by NSF Grant DBI0604755 and funds from the South Dakota Agriculture Experiment Station. ****[PLEXdb(http://www.plexdb.org) has submitted this series at GEO on behalf of the original contributor, Anne Fennell. The equivalent experiment is VV10 at PLEXdb.] 84 Samples of two genotypes compared under long and short photoperiod, 3 replicates each. Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : LD, 15h : 1 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : LD, 15h : 3 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : LD, 15h : 7 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : LD, 15h : 14 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : LD, 15h : 21 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : LD, 15h : 28 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : LD, 15h : 42 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : SD, 13h : 1 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : SD, 13h : 3 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : SD, 13h : 7 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : SD, 13h : 14 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : SD, 13h : 21 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : SD, 13h : 28 days (3-replications) Seyval (SV, Seyve Villard 5-276) : SD, 13h : 42 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : LD, 15h : 1 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : LD, 15h : 3 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : LD, 15h : 7 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : LD, 15h : 14 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : LD, 15h : 21 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : LD, 15h : 28 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : LD, 15h : 42 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : SD, 13h : 1 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : SD, 13h : 3 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : SD, 13h : 7 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : SD, 13h : 14 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : SD, 13h : 21 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : SD, 13h : 28 days (3-replications) V. riparia (VR, PI588259) : SD, 13h : 42 days (3-replications)

Project description:BACKGROUND:Grape buds exhibit non-uniform, or delayed, break in early spring in subtropical regions because the accumulation of chilling is insufficient. Hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2, HC) can partially replace chilling to effectively promote bud sprouting and is used widely in warm winter areas. However, the exact underlying mechanism of grape bud release from endodormancy induced by HC remains elusive. RESULTS:In this study, the transcriptome of grape winter buds under in vitro conditions following HC and water treatment (control) was analyzed using RNA-seq technology. A total of 6772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Furthermore, the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that starch and sucrose metabolism and plant hormone signaling transduction were most enriched out of the 50 total pathways. HC treatment induced the upregulated expression of sucrose synthase (SUS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), α-amylase (AM), and β-amylase (BM) and downregulated expression of sucrose invertase (INV), hexokinase (HK), fructokinase (FK), soluble starch synthase (SS), and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). Hence, the starch concentration in the HC-treated group was significantly lower than that in control, whereas soluble sugar content in the HC-treated group increased quickly and was higher than that in control between 0 and 8 d. The concentration of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and zeatin (ZT) increased, whereas that of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) decreased in HC treated group, which coincided with the expression level of genes involved in above hormone signals. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were increased in grape buds with HC treatment, whereas catalase (CAT) activity was decreased. HC treatment increased the expression of POD, SOD, primary amine oxidase (PAO), polyamine oxidase (PAOX), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). CONCLUSION:Based on these results, it is possible to propose a mechanistic model that underlies the regulation of endodormancy release in grapevine buds by exogenous HC application.

Project description:BackgroundBud dormancy is an important biological phenomenon of perennial plants that enables them to survive under harsh environmental circumstances. Grape (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most grown fruit crop worldwide; however, underlying mechanisms involved in grape bud dormancy are not yet clear. This work was aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism regulating bud dormancy in grape.ResultsWe have performed transcriptome and differential transcript expression analyses of "Shine Muscat" grape buds using the Illumina RNA-seq system. Comparisons of transcript expression levels among three stages of dormancy, paradormancy (PD) vs endodormancy (ED), summer buds (SB) vs ED and SB vs PD, resulted in the detection of 8949, 9780 and 3938 differentially expressed transcripts, respectively. Out of approximately 78 million high-quality generated reads, 6096 transcripts were differentially expressed (log2 ratio ≥ 1, FDR ≤ 0.001). Grape reference genome was used for alignment of sequence reads and to measure the expression level of transcripts. Furthermore, findings obtained were then compared using two different databases; Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), to annotate the transcript descriptions and to assign a pathway to each transcript. KEGG analysis revealed that secondary metabolites biosynthesis and plant hormone signaling was found most enriched out of the 127 total pathways. In the comparisons of the PD vs ED and SB vs ED stages of grape buds, the gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways were found to be the most enriched. The ABA and GA pathways were further analyzed to observe the expression pattern of differentially expressed transcripts. Transcripts related to the PP2C family (ABA pathway) were found to be up-regulated in the PD vs ED comparison and down-regulated in the SB vs ED and SB vs PD comparisons. GID1 family transcripts (GA pathway) were up-regulated while DELLA family transcripts were down-regulated during the three dormancy stages. Differentially expressed transcripts (DEGs) related to redox activity were abundant in the GO biological process category. RT-qPCR assay results for 12 selected transcripts validated the data obtained by RNA-seq.ConclusionAt this stage, taking into account the results obtained so far, it is possible to put forward a hypothesis for the molecular mechanism underlying grape bud dormancy, which may pave the way for ultimate improvements in the grape industry.

Dataset Information

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates grape bud dormancy, and dormancy release stimuli may act through modification of ABA metabolism.

Publications

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates grape bud dormancy, and dormancy release stimuli may act through modification of ABA metabolism.

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