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Baseline cardiovascular risk in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:The Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial has recruited antiretroviral-naïve individuals with high CD4 cell counts from all regions of the world. We describe the distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, overall and by geographical region, at study baseline. METHODS:The distribution of CVD risk factors was assessed and compared by geographical region among START participants who had a baseline electrocardiogram (n?=?4019; North America, 11%; Europe/Australia/Israel, 36%; South America, 26%; Asia, 4%; Africa, 23%; median age 36 years; 26% female). RESULTS:About 58.3% (n?=?2344) of the participants had at least one CVD risk factor and 18.9% (n?=?761) had two or more. The most common CVD risk factors were current smoking (32%), hypertension (19.3%) and obesity (16.5%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of CVD risk factors among geographical regions. The prevalence of at least one risk factor across regions was as follows: North America, 70.0%; Europe/Australia/Israel, 65.1%; South America, 49.4%; Asia, 37.0%; Africa, 55.8% (P-value

SUBMITTER: Soliman EZ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4341949 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Baseline cardiovascular risk in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial.

Soliman E Z EZ Sharma S S Arastéh K K Wohl D D Achhra A A Tambussi G G O'Connor J J Stein J H JH Duprez D A DA Neaton J D JD Phillips A A

HIV medicine 20150401

<h4>Objectives</h4>The Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial has recruited antiretroviral-naïve individuals with high CD4 cell counts from all regions of the world. We describe the distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, overall and by geographical region, at study baseline.<h4>Methods</h4>The distribution of CVD risk factors was assessed and compared by geographical region among START participants who had a baseline electrocardiogram (n = 4019; North Amer ...[more]

PMID: 25711323

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Project description:OBJECTIVES:A proportion of HIV-positive people have condomless sex. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces infectiousness, but a substantial proportion of HIV-diagnosed people are not yet on ART. We describe baseline self-reported risk behaviours in ART-naïve Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial participants. METHODS:All START participants completed a risk behaviour questionnaire. Data were collected on sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, health and wellbeing status and clinical status. Recent sexual behaviour and HIV transmission beliefs in the context of ART were also assessed. The primary interest was in condomless sex with serodifferent partners (CLS-D) in the past two months. RESULTS:A total of 4601 of 4685 HIV-positive participants (98%) completed the questionnaire [2559 men who have sex with men (MSM), 803 heterosexual men and 1239 women]. Region of recruitment was Europe/Israel, 33%; South America/Mexico, 25%; Africa, 22%; other, 21%. Median age was 36 years [interquartile range (IQR) 29, 44 years]. Forty-five per cent reported white ethnicity and 31% black ethnicity. Two per cent had HIV viral load <?50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL. Seventeen per cent (767 of 4601) reported CLS-D; 20% of MSM compared with 10% of heterosexual men and 14% of women. MSM were also more likely to report multiple CLS-D partners. Possible risk limitation measures (reported by more than half of those who had CLS-D) were seropositioning (receptive anal CLS-D only) or withdrawal (insertive anal CLS-D always without ejaculation). CLS-D was more commonly reported by participants from South America/Mexico and North America compared with Europe; among heterosexual men and women CLS-D was also more commonly reported among participants from Africa compared with Europe. Knowledge of ART impact on transmission risk was low. CONCLUSIONS:A substantial minority recruited to the START study reported CLS-D at baseline. CLS-D reporting was higher in MSM than heterosexuals and varied significantly according to region of recruitment. A substantial proportion of MSM reporting CLS-D appear to take transmission risk limitation measures.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:With HIV treatment prolonging survival and HIV infection now managed as a chronic illness, quality of life (QOL) is important to evaluate in persons living with HIV (PLWH). We assessed at study entry the QOL of antiretroviral-naïve PLWH with CD4 counts >?500 cells/?L in the Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) clinical trial. METHODS:QOL was assessed with: (1) a visual analogue scale (VAS) for self-assessment of overall current health; (2) the Short-Form 12-Item Version 2 Health Survey(®) (SF-12V2), for which responses are summarized into eight individual QOL domains plus component summary scores for physical health [the Physical Health Component Summary (PCS)] and mental health [the Mental Health Component Summary (MCS)]. The VAS and eight domain scores were scaled from 0 to 100. Mean QOL measures were calculated overall and by demographic, clinical and behavioural factors. RESULTS:A total of 4631 participants completed the VAS and 4119 the SF-12. The mean VAS score (with standard deviation) was 80.9?±?15.7. Mean SF-12 domain scores were lowest for vitality (66.3?±?26.4) and mental health (68.6?±?21.4), and highest for physical functioning (89.3?±?23.0) and bodily pain (88.0?±?21.4). Using multiple linear regression, PCS scores were lower (P?<?0.001) for Asians, North Americans, female participants, older participants, and those with less education, longer duration of known HIV infection, alcoholism/substance dependence and body mass index ??30?kg/m(2) . MCS scores were highest (P?<?0.001) for Africans, South Americans and older participants, and lowest for female participants, current smokers and those with alcoholism/substance dependence. CONCLUSIONS:In this primarily healthy population, QOL was mostly favourable, emphasizing that it is important that HIV treatments do not negatively impact QOL. Self-assessed physical health summary scores were higher than mental health scores. Factors such as older age and geographical region had different effects on perceived physical and mental health.

Project description:INTRODUCTION:HIV infection and certain antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications increase atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, mediated, in part, through traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS:We studied cardiovascular disease risk factor changes in the START (Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment) trial, a randomized study of immediate versus deferred ART initiation among HIV-positive persons with CD4+ cell counts >500 cells/mm3. Mean change from baseline in risk factors and the incidence of comorbid conditions were compared between groups. The characteristics among 4685 HIV-positive START trial participants include a median age of 36 years, a CD4 cell count of 651 cells/mm3, an HIV viral load of 12 759 copies/mL, a current smoking status of 32%, a median systolic/diastolic blood pressure of 120/76 mm Hg, and median levels of total cholesterol of 168 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 102 mg/dL, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 41 mg/dL. Mean follow-up was 3.0 years. The immediate and deferred ART groups spent 94% and 28% of follow-up time taking ART, respectively. Compared with patients in the deferral group, patients in the immediate ART group had increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher use of lipid-lowering therapy (1.2%; 95% CI, 0.1-2.2). Concurrent increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with immediate ART resulted in a 0.1 lower total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (95% CI, 0.1-0.2). Immediate ART resulted in 2.3% less BP-lowering therapy use (95% CI, 0.9-3.6), but there were no differences in new-onset hypertension or diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS:Among HIV-positive persons with preserved immunity, immediate ART led to increases in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but also concurrent increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased use of blood pressure medications. These opposing effects suggest that, in the short term, the net effect of early ART on traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors may be clinically insignificant." CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00867048.

Dataset Information

Baseline cardiovascular risk in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial.

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Baseline cardiovascular risk in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial.

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