Reciprocal communication between endometrial stromal cells and macrophages.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Eyster KM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4346189 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Reciprocal communication between endometrial stromal cells and macrophages.
Eyster Kathleen M KM Hansen Keith A KA Winterton Emily E Klinkova Olga O Drappeau Donis D Mark-Kappeler Connie J CJ
Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 20100702 9
This study tested the hypothesis that reciprocal communication occurs between macrophages and cultured human endometrial stromal cells and that this communication may contribute to the pathology of endometriosis. An endometrial stromal cell line (telomerase-immortalized human endometrial stromal cell [T-HESC]) was treated with macrophage-conditioned medium (CM) +/- estradiol + progesterone. Macrophages were treated without or with T-HESC CM. DNA microarray identified 716 differentially expressed ...[more]
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Project description:Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease and bone marrow-derived cells are abundant in endometriotic lesions and in the peritoneal fluid of women with the disease. This study tested the hypothesis that reciprocal communication occurs between macrophages and cultured human endometrial stromal cells and that this communication contributes to the pathology of endometriosis. Changes in gene expression elicited by exposure to factors secreted by the opposing cell type were measured by DNA microarray to test this hypothesis. 716 named genes were differentially expressed in cultured endometrial stromal cells in response to factors secreted by macrophages. Genes that were up-regulated included IL8/CXCL8, MMP3, phospholamban, CYR61/CCN1, CTGF/CCN2, tenascin C, and NNMT, whereas integrin alpha 6 was down-regulated. In contrast, 15 named genes were differentially expressed in macrophages in response to factors secreted by cultured endometrial stromal cells. The data document reciprocal communication between macrophages and endometrial stromal cells and suggest that interaction with macrophages stimulates the expression of genes in endometrial stromal cells that contribute to migration, adhesion, invasion, neovascularization and mitosis of endometrial cells that may support the establishment of endometriosis. Experiment Design: Goal of the experiment: To examine reciprocal communication between a telomerase-immortalized human endometrial stromal cell line (THESC, ATCC #CRL-4003) and U-937 macrophages (ATCC #CRL-1593.2 treated with phorbol ester to stimulate differentiation), and also to assess the response of THESC cells to estrogen plus progesterone. Keywords: human, cultured endometrial stromal cell line, macrophage Experimental factors: hormone treatment and treatment with macrophage-conditioned medium of endometrial stromal cells, treatment of macrophages with endometrial stromal cell conditioned medium Experimental design: T HESC cells were grown in phenol red-free DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 1% ITS+, 10% charcoal-dextran treated fetal bovine serum albumin, 1% pen/strep, and 500 ng/ml puromycin. THESC cells were treated for 8 days with vehicle (0.1% ethanol) or estradiol (10-8 M) plus progesterone (10-7 M medroxyprogesterone acetate). On day 6, serum was removed from the culture medium. On day 7, half of the cells were treated with U-937 macrophage-conditioned medium for 24 hours. The cells were harvested and RNA extracted on day 8. The experiment was repeated with three different passages of cells (passages 9, 11, and 13) to yield an experimental n of 3. The four groups of cells were vehicle-treated control, estradiol + progesterone, control + macrophage-conditioned medium, and estradiol + progesterone + macrophage-conditioned medium. The monocytic cell line, U-937, was maintained in suspension in RPMI-1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% pen/strep. The U-937 cells were treated with 32 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) for 48 h to stimulate differentiation into macrophages. The U-937 macrophages were treated with THESC conditioned medium or with non-conditioned control medium. Total RNA was collected after 24 hours. The experiment was repeated with three different passages of cells (passages 7, 9, and 12) to yield an experimental n of 3. The two experimental groups were macrophages treated with non-conditioned control medium and macrophages treated with THESC-conditioned medium. Quality control steps: The cRNA that was synthesized from each cultured cell passage and treatment was used for hybridization to a single CodeLink (Applied Microarrays) whole human genome microarray. Only one sample was hybridized with each slide and only one dye (streptavidin-Alexa 647) was used so no dye swaps were necessary. Bacterial control spikes were used per manufacturer's instructions. Samples used, extract preparation and labelling: The origin of each biological sample: The samples were telomerase-immortalized human endometrial stromal cells and human U-937 monocytic cell line differentiation into macrophages by treatment with phorbol ester. The cell lines were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (#CRL-4003 and #CRL-1593.2). Manipulations of biological samples and protocols used: T HESC cells were grown in culture in phenol red-free DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 1% ITS+, 2% charcoal/dextran treated fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, and 500 ng/ml puromycin. The cells were treated for 8 days with vehicle (0.1% ethanol), estradiol (10-8 M) plus progesterone (10-7 M medroxyprogesterone acetate), vehicle + macrophage-conditioned medium, or estradiol (10-8 M) + progesterone (medroxyprogesterone acetate 10-7 M) + macrophage-conditioned medium. On day 6, serum was removed from the culture medium of all cells. On day 7, half of the cells were treated with macrophage-conditioned medium for 24 hours. The cells were harvested and RNA extracted on day 8. The experiment was repeated with three different passages of cells (passages 9, 11, and 13) to yield an experimental n of 3. The four groups of cells were vehicle-treated control, estradiol + progesterone, control + macrophage-conditioned medium, and estradiol + progesterone + macrophage-conditioned medium. To prepare macrophage-conditioned medium, U-937 (ATCC #CRL-1593.2) cells were grown in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum until the cells covered 80% of the flask surface. These U-937 cells were treated with 32 nM PMA for 48 h to stimulate differentiation into macrophages. Differentiated macrophages were maintained in phenol red-free, fetal bovine serum-free DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 1% penicillin/streptomycin for 48 hours. The cell suspension was centrifuged and the conditioned medium was collected, filtered, and stored at -80C. Before use, macrophage-conditioned medium was supplemented with 1% ITS+ and puromycin. The monocytic cell line, U-937, was maintained in suspension in RPMI-1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% pen/strep. The U-937 cells were treated with 32 nM PMA for 48 h to stimulate differentiation into macrophages. The differentiated macrophages were treated with THESC conditioned medium or with non-conditioned control medium. Total RNA was collected after 24 hours. Experimental factor: hormone treatment, treatment with macrophage-conditioned medium, and treatment with T-HESC cell conditioned medium Technical protocols: The cells were rinsed and TRI reagent (MRC) was added to the culture flasks. The cells were scraped into centrifuge tubes, bromochloropropane and sodium acetate were added, and the samples were centrifuged to separate the phases. The RNA-containing layer was removed and the RNA purified on an RNeasy extraction column (Qiagen). The sample was treated with an on-column DNase treatment (RNase-free DNase, Qiagen). The purity and quantity were evaluated by an Agilent Bioanalyzer using the RNA 6000 Nanoassay LabChip. Labelled cRNA was prepared using the Message Amp II-Biotin Enhanced Kit from Ambion, following the manufacturer's Instruction Protocol. 1.0 microgram of T-HESC cell total RNA or 2 micrograms of macrophage total RNA was mixed with bacterial control RNA spikes and primed with T7 oligo(dT) primer for 10 min at 70C. (The bacterial control spikes included araB, entF, fixB, gnd, hisB, and leuB.) The first strand of cDNA was synthesized with first strand buffer, dNTP mix, RNase inhibitor, and reverse transcriptase for 2 h at 42C. The second strand cDNA synthesis reaction was prepared using second strand buffer, dNTP mix, DNA polymerase mix, and RNase H; the reaction was carried out for 2h at 16C. The double-stranded cDNA was purified on spin columns included in the Ambion kit. The double-stranded cDNA was mixed with T7 reaction buffer, T7 ATP, T7 GTP, T7 UTP, T7 CTP, biotin-11-UTP, and T7 enzyme mix for the synthesis of cRNA. The cRNA synthesis reaction was terminated after 14h at 37C by purifying the cRNA on spin columns from the Ambion kit. The concentration of cRNA was determined by spectrophotometry. Hybridization procedures and parameters: 10 micrograms of biotinylated cRNA was mixed with fragmentation buffer and heated to 94C for 20 min. The fragmented cRNA was mixed with CodeLink hybridization buffer, loaded on the microarray slides, and hybridized for 18 hours at 37C. The slides were washed in 0.75x TNT (Tris-HCl, NaCl, Tween-20) at 46C for 1h then incubated with streptavidin-Alexa 647 fluorescent dye for 30 min at room temperature. The streptavidin-Alexa 647 fluor was prepared in TNB blocking buffer (0.1M Tris-HCl, 0.15M NaCL, 0.5% NEN Blocking Reagent-PerkinElmer) The slides were then washed 4 times for 5 min each in 1x TNT and twice in 0.05% Tween 20 for 5 sec each. The slides were dried by centrifugation and scanned in an Axon GenePix 4000B scanner.
2010-07-21 | E-GEOD-19834 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease and bone marrow-derived cells are abundant in endometriotic lesions and in the peritoneal fluid of women with the disease. This study tested the hypothesis that reciprocal communication occurs between macrophages and cultured human endometrial stromal cells and that this communication contributes to the pathology of endometriosis. Changes in gene expression elicited by exposure to factors secreted by the opposing cell type were measured by DNA microarray to test this hypothesis. 716 named genes were differentially expressed in cultured endometrial stromal cells in response to factors secreted by macrophages. Genes that were up-regulated included IL8/CXCL8, MMP3, phospholamban, CYR61/CCN1, CTGF/CCN2, tenascin C, and NNMT, whereas integrin alpha 6 was down-regulated. In contrast, 15 named genes were differentially expressed in macrophages in response to factors secreted by cultured endometrial stromal cells. The data document reciprocal communication between macrophages and endometrial stromal cells and suggest that interaction with macrophages stimulates the expression of genes in endometrial stromal cells that contribute to migration, adhesion, invasion, neovascularization and mitosis of endometrial cells that may support the establishment of endometriosis.
2010-07-21 | GSE19834 | GEO
Project description:Immune system cells and cells of the endometrium have long been proposed to interact in both physiological and pathological processes. The current study was undertaken to examine communication between cultured monocytes and endometrial stromal cells and also to assess responses of endometrial stromal cells to treatment with estradiol (E) in the absence and presence of medroxyprogesterone acetate (P). A telomerase-immortalized human endometrial stromal cell line (T-HESC) and the U-937 monocyte cell line were used. T-HESC were treated with E ± P ± monocyte conditioned medium; U-937 were treated ± T-HESC conditioned medium. Gene expression in response to treatment was examined by DNA microarray. Bi-directional communication, as demonstrated by changes in gene expression, clearly occurred between U-937 monocytes and T-HESC endometrial stromal cells.
2009-11-16 | GSE14808 | GEO
Project description:Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells residing in the stromal tissues of the body and capable of promoting tissue repair and attenuating inflammatory processes through their immunomodulatory properties. Preclinical and clinical observations revealed that not only direct intercellular communication mediates MSC properties; in fact, a pivotal role is also played by the release of soluble and bioactive factors, such as cytokines, growth factor and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-coated vesicles containing a large variety of bioactive molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, such as RNA. EVs release their contents into target cells, thus influencing cell fate through the control of intracellular processes. In addition, MSC-derived EVs can mediate modulatory effects toward different effector cells belonging to both innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we will discuss the literature data concerning MSC-derived EVs, including the current standardized methods for their isolation and characterization, the mechanisms supporting their immunoregulatory properties, and their potential clinical application as alternative to MSC-based therapy for inflammatory reactions, such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD).
| S-EPMC7677193 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Astrocytes have diverse functions that are supported by their anatomic localization between neurons and blood vessels. One of these functions is the clearance of extracellular glutamate. Astrocytes clear glutamate using two Na+-dependent glutamate transporters, GLT-1 (also called EAAT2) and GLAST (also called EAAT1). GLT-1 expression increases during synaptogenesis and is a marker of astrocyte maturation. Over 20 years ago, several groups demonstrated that astrocytes in culture express little or no GLT-1 and that neurons induce expression. We recently demonstrated that co-culturing endothelia with mouse astrocytes also induced expression of GLT-1 and GLAST. These increases were blocked by an inhibitor of γ-secretase. This and other observations are consistent with the hypothesis that Notch signaling is required, but the ligands involved were not identified. In the present study, we used rat astrocyte cultures to further define the mechanisms by which endothelia induce expression of GLT-1 and GLAST. We found that co-cultures of astrocytes and endothelia express higher levels of GLT-1 and GLAST protein and mRNA. That endothelia activate Hes5, a transcription factor target of Notch, in astrocytes. Using recombinant Notch ligands, anti-Notch ligand neutralizing antibodies, and shRNAs, we provide evidence that both Dll1 and Dll4 contribute to endothelia-dependent regulation of GLT-1. We also provide evidence that astrocytes secrete a factor(s) that induces expression of Dll4 in endothelia and that this effect is required for Notch-dependent induction of GLT-1. Together these studies indicate that reciprocal communication between astrocytes and endothelia is required for appropriate astrocyte maturation and that endothelia likely deploy additional non-Notch signals to induce GLT-1.
| S-EPMC7484234 | biostudies-literature
Project description:HDL are dynamic transporters of diverse molecular cargo and play critical roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation. We have previously reported that HDL transport both host and nonhost small RNAs (sRNA) based on quantitative PCR and sRNA sequencing approaches; however, these methods require RNA isolation steps which have potential biases and may not isolate certain forms of RNA molecules from samples. HDL have also been reported to accept functional sRNAs from donor macrophages and deliver them to recipient endothelial cells; however, using PCR to trace HDL-sRNA intercellular communication has major limitations. The present study aims to overcome these technical barriers and further understand the pathways involved in HDL-mediated bidirectional flux of sRNAs between immune cells. To overcome these technical limitations, SYTO RNASelect, a lipid-penetrating RNA dye, was used to quantify a) overall HDL-sRNA content, b) bidirectional flux of sRNAs between HDL and immune cells, c) HDL-mediated intercellular communication between immune cells, and d) HDL-mediated RNA export changes in disease. Live cell imaging and loss-of-function assays indicate that the endo-lysosomal system plays a critical role in macrophage storage and export of HDL-sRNAs. These results identify HDL as a substantive mediator of intercellular communication between immune cells and demonstrate the importance of endocytosis for recipient cells of HDL-sRNAs. Utilizing a lipid-penetrating RNA-specific fluorescence dye, we were able to both quantify the absolute concentration of sRNAs transported by HDL and characterize HDL-mediated intercellular RNA transport between immune cells.
| S-EPMC9929858 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most important components of tumor stroma and play a key role in modulating tumor growth. However, a mechanistic understanding of how CAFs communicate with tumor cells to promote their proliferation and invasion is far from complete. A major reason for this is that most current techniques and model systems do not capture the complexity of signal transduction that occurs between CAFs and tumor cells. Methods:In this study, we employed a stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy to label invasive breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and breast cancer patient-derived CAF this has already been defined above cells. We used an antibody-based phosphotyrosine peptide enrichment method coupled to LC-MS/MS to catalog and quantify tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction events induced by the bidirectional communication between patient-derived CAFs and tumor cells. Results:We discovered that distinct signaling events were activated in CAFs and in tumor epithelial cells during the crosstalk between these two cell types. We identified reciprocal activation of a number of receptor tyrosine kinases including EGFR, FGFR1 and EPHA2 induced by this bidirectional communication. Conclusions:Our study not only provides insights into the mechanisms of the interaction between CAFs and tumor cells, but the model system described here could be used as a prototype for analysis of intercellular communication in many different tumor microenvironments.
| S-EPMC6003199 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cancer-associated fibroblasts have been shown to inhibit or stimulate tumor growth depending on stage, grade, and tumor type. It remains unclear, however, the effect of endometrial-cancer-associated fibroblasts on hormone-driven responses in endometrial cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of normal and cancer-associated stromal cells from patients with and without endometrial cancer on endometrial tumor growth in response to estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). Compared to benign endometrial stromal cells, the low-grade and high-grade cancer-associated stromal cells exhibited a blunted hormone response for proliferation as well as IGFBP1 secretion. Additional analysis of the influence of stromal cells on hormone-driven tumor growth was done by mixing stromal cells from benign, low-grade, or high-grade tumors, with Ishikawa cells for subcutaneous tumor formation. The presence of both benign and high-grade cancer-associated stromal cells increased estradiol-driven xenografted tumor growth compared to Ishikawa cells alone. Low-grade cancer-associated stromal cells did not significantly influence hormone-regulated tumor growth. Addition of P4 attenuated tumor growth in Ishikawa + benign or high-grade stromal cells, but not in Ishikawa cells alone or with low-grade stromal cells. Using an angiogenesis focused real-time array TGFA, TGFB2 and TGFBR1 and VEGFC were identified as potential candidates for hormone-influenced growth regulation of tumors in the presence of benign and high-grade stromal cells. In summary, endometrial-cancer-associated cells responded differently to in vitro hormone treatment compared to benign endometrial stromal cells. Additionally, presence of stromal cells differentially influenced hormone-driven xenograft growth in vivo depending on the disease status of the stromal cells.
| S-EPMC4767506 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Evidence suggests that the human endometrium contains stem or progenitor cells that are responsible for its remarkable regenerative capability. A common property of somatic stem cells is their quiescent state. It remains unclear whether slow-cycling cells exist in the human endometrium. We hypothesized that the human endometrium contains a subset of slow-cycling cells with somatic stem cell properties. Here, we established an in vitro stem cell assay to isolate human endometrial-derived mesenchymal stem-like cells (eMSC).Single-cell stromal cultures were initially labeled with fluorescent nanoparticles and a small population of fluorescent persistent cells (FPC) remained after culture of 21 days. Two populations of stromal cells, namely FPC and non-FPC were sorted.Quantitative analysis of functional assays demonstrated that the FPC had higher colony forming ability, underwent more rounds of self-renewal and had greater enrichment of phenotypically defined prospective eMSC markers: CD146+/CD140b+ and W5C5+ than the non-FPC. They also differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages and the expression of lineage specific markers was lower than that of non-FPC. The FPC exhibit low proliferation activities. A proliferation dynamics study revealed that more FPC had a prolonged G1 phase.With this study we present an efficient method to label and isolate slow-proliferating cells obtained from human endometrial stromal cultures without genetic modifications. The FPC population could be easily maintained in vitro and are of interest for tissue-repair and engineering perspectives. In summary, nanoparticle labeling is a promising tool for the identification of putative somatic stem or progenitor cells when their surface markers are undefined.
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Project description:Human mothers interact emotionally with their newborns through exaggerated facial expressions, speech, mutual gaze, and body contact, a capacity that has long been considered uniquely human [1-4]. Current developmental psychological theories propose that this pattern of mother-infant exchange promotes the regulation of infant emotions [4-6] and serves as a precursor of more complex forms of social exchange including perspective taking and empathy. Here we report that in rhesus macaques, mother-infant pairs also communicate intersubjectively via complex forms of emotional exchanges including exaggerated lipsmacking, sustained mutual gaze, mouth-mouth contacts, and neonatal imitation. Infant macaques solicit their mother's affiliative responses and actively communicate to her. However, this form of communication disappears within the infant's first month of life. Our data challenge the view that the mother-infant communicative system functions in order to sustain proximity and that infants are simply passive recipients in such interaction. Thus, emotional communication between mother and infant is not uniquely human. Instead, we can trace back to macaques the evolutionary foundation of those behaviors that are crucial for the establishment of a functional capacity to socially exchange with others.
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