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Evaluating possible confounding by prescriber in comparative effectiveness research.

ABSTRACT: In nonrandomized studies of comparative effectiveness of medications, the prescriber may be the most important determinant of treatment assignment, yet the majority of analyses ignore the prescriber. Via Monte Carlo simulation, we evaluated the bias of 3 approaches that utilize the prescriber in analysis compared against the default approach that ignores the prescriber. Prescriber preference instrumental variable (IV) analyses were unbiased when IV criteria were met, which required no clustering of unmeasured patient characteristics within prescriber. In all other scenarios, IV analyses were highly biased, and stratification on the prescriber reduced confounding bias at the patient or prescriber levels. Including a prescriber random intercept in the propensity score model reversed the direction of confounding from measured patient factors and resulted in unpredictable changes in bias. Therefore, we recommend caution when using the IV approach, particularly when the instrument is weak. Stratification on the prescriber may be more robust; this approach warrants additional research.

SUBMITTER: Franklin JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4347927 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evaluating possible confounding by prescriber in comparative effectiveness research.

Franklin Jessica M JM Schneeweiss Sebastian S Huybrechts Krista F KF Glynn Robert J RJ

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) 20150301 2

In nonrandomized studies of comparative effectiveness of medications, the prescriber may be the most important determinant of treatment assignment, yet the majority of analyses ignore the prescriber. Via Monte Carlo simulation, we evaluated the bias of 3 approaches that utilize the prescriber in analysis compared against the default approach that ignores the prescriber. Prescriber preference instrumental variable (IV) analyses were unbiased when IV criteria were met, which required no clustering ...[more]

PMID: 25643103

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Project description:IntroductionTobacco smoking claims 700,000 lives every year in Europe and the cost of tobacco smoking in the EU is estimated between €98 and €130 billion annually; direct medical care costs and indirect costs such as workday losses each represent half of this amount. Policymakers all across Europe are in need of bespoke information on the economic and wider returns of investing in evidence-based tobacco control, including smoking cessation agendas. EQUIPT is designed to test the transferability of one such economic evidence base-the English Tobacco Return on Investment (ROI) tool-to other EU member states.Methods and analysisEQUIPT is a multicentre, interdisciplinary comparative effectiveness research study in public health. The Tobacco ROI tool already developed in England by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) will be adapted to meet the needs of European decision-makers, following transferability criteria. Stakeholders' needs and intention to use ROI tools in sample countries (Germany, Hungary, Spain and the Netherlands) will be analysed through interviews and surveys and complemented by secondary analysis of the contextual and other factors. Informed by this contextual analysis, the next phase will develop country-specific ROI tools in sample countries using a mix of economic modelling and Visual Basic programming. The results from the country-specific ROI models will then be compared to derive policy proposals that are transferable to other EU states, from which a centralised web tool will be developed. This will then be made available to stakeholders to cater for different decision-making contexts across Europe.Ethics and disseminationThe Brunel University Ethics Committee and relevant authorities in each of the participating countries approved the protocol. EQUIPT has a dedicated work package on dissemination, focusing on stakeholders' communication needs. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, e-learning resources and policy briefs.

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Dataset Information

Evaluating possible confounding by prescriber in comparative effectiveness research.

Publications

Evaluating possible confounding by prescriber in comparative effectiveness research.

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