Dataset Information

Diversity-oriented synthesis probe targets Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b ubiquinone reduction site and synergizes with oxidation site inhibitors.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The emergence and spread of drug resistance to current antimalarial therapies remains a pressing concern, escalating the need for compounds that demonstrate novel modes of action. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis (DOS) libraries bridge the gap between conventional small molecule and natural product libraries, allowing the interrogation of more diverse chemical space in efforts to identify probes of novel parasite pathways. METHODS:We screened and optimized a probe from a DOS library using whole-cell phenotypic assays. Resistance selection and whole-genome sequencing approaches were employed to identify the cellular target of the compounds. RESULTS:We identified a novel macrocyclic inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum with nanomolar potency and identified the reduction site of cytochrome b as its cellular target. Combination experiments with reduction and oxidation site inhibitors showed synergistic inhibition of the parasite. CONCLUSIONS:The cytochrome b oxidation center is a validated antimalarial target. We show that the reduction site of cytochrome b is also a druggable target. Our results demonstrating a synergistic relationship between oxidation and reduction site inhibitors suggests a future strategy for new combination therapies in the treatment of malaria.

SUBMITTER: Lukens AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4354981 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diversity-oriented synthesis probe targets Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b ubiquinone reduction site and synergizes with oxidation site inhibitors.

Lukens Amanda K AK Heidebrecht Richard W RW Mulrooney Carol C Beaudoin Jennifer A JA Comer Eamon E Duvall Jeremy R JR Fitzgerald Mark E ME Masi Daniela D Galinsky Kevin K Scherer Christina A CA Palmer Michelle M Munoz Benito B Foley Michael M Schreiber Stuart L SL Wiegand Roger C RC Wirth Dyann F DF

The Journal of infectious diseases 20141021 7

<h4>Background</h4>The emergence and spread of drug resistance to current antimalarial therapies remains a pressing concern, escalating the need for compounds that demonstrate novel modes of action. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis (DOS) libraries bridge the gap between conventional small molecule and natural product libraries, allowing the interrogation of more diverse chemical space in efforts to identify probes of novel parasite pathways.<h4>Methods</h4>We screened and optimized a probe from a DO ...[more]

PMID: 25336726

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Project description:BACKGROUND: The antimalarial drug atovaquone specifically targets Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b (Pfcytb), a mitochondrial gene with uniparental inheritance. Cases of resistance to atovaquone associated with mutant Pfcytb have been reported, justifying efforts to better document the natural polymorphism of this gene. To this end, a large molecular survey was conducted in several malaria endemic areas where atovaquone was not yet in regular use. METHODS: The polymorphism of the Pfcytb was analysed by direct sequencing of PCR products corresponding to the full length coding region. Sequence was generated for 671 isolates originating from three continents: Africa (Senegal, Ivory Coast, Central African Republic and Madagascar), Asia (Cambodia) and South America (French Guiana). RESULTS: Overall, 11 polymorphic sites were observed, of which eight were novel mutations. There was a large disparity in the geographic distribution of the mutants. All isolates from Senegal, Central African Republic and Madagascar displayed a Camp/3D7 wild type Pfcytb sequence, as did most samples originating from Cambodia and Ivory Coast. One synonymous (t759a at codon V253V) and two non-synonymous (t553g and a581g at codons F185V and H194R, respectively) singletons were detected in Ivory Coast. Likewise, two synonymous (a126t and c793t at codons -T42T and L265L, respectively) singletons were observed in Cambodia. In contrast, seven mutated sites, affecting seven codons and defining four mutant haplotypes were observed in French Guiana. The wild type allele was observed in only 14% of the French Guiana isolates. The synonymous c688t mutation at position L230L was highly prevalent; the most frequent allele was the c688t single mutant, observed in 84% of the isolates. The other alleles were singletons (a126t/a165c, a4g/a20t/a1024c and a20t/t341c/c688t corresponding to T42T/S55S, N2D/N71I/I342L, N71I/L114S/L230L, respectively" please replace with ' corresponding to T42T/S55S, N2D/N71I/I342L and N71I/L114S/L230L, respectively). The codon 268 polymorphisms associated with atovaquone resistance were not observed in the panel the isolates studied. Overall, the wild type PfCYTb protein isoform was highly predominant in all study areas, including French Guiana, suggesting stringent functional constraints. CONCLUSION: These data along with previously identified Pfcytb field polymorphisms indicate a clustering of molecular signatures, suggesting different ancestral types in South America and other continents. The absence of mutations associated with most atovaquone-proguanil clinical failures indicates that the atovaquone-proguanil association is an interesting treatment option in the study areas.

Dataset Information

Diversity-oriented synthesis probe targets Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b ubiquinone reduction site and synergizes with oxidation site inhibitors.

Publications

Diversity-oriented synthesis probe targets Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b ubiquinone reduction site and synergizes with oxidation site inhibitors.

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