Passive smoking in the etiology of non-syndromic orofacial clefts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Studies have found a consistent positive association between maternal smoking and non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFC). However, no comprehensive assessment of the association between NSOFC and passive smoking has been undertaken. This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the relationship between maternal passive smoking and NSOFC, and compares the associations between passive and active smoking.

Methods and findings

Search strategy, inclusion / exclusion criteria, and data extraction from studies reporting maternal passive smoking and NSOFC was implemented without language restrictions. Risks of bias in the identified studies were assessed and this information was used in sensitivity analyses to explain heterogeneity. Meta-analysis and meta-regression o

SUBMITTER: Sabbagh HJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4356514 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature