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Open-Ended Recursive Approach for the Calculation of Multiphoton Absorption Matrix Elements.

ABSTRACT: We present an implementation of single residues for response functions to arbitrary order using a recursive approach. Explicit expressions in terms of density-matrix-based response theory for the single residues of the linear, quadratic, cubic, and quartic response functions are also presented. These residues correspond to one-, two-, three- and four-photon transition matrix elements. The newly developed code is used to calculate the one-, two-, three- and four-photon absorption cross sections of para-nitroaniline and para-nitroaminostilbene, making this the first treatment of four-photon absorption in the framework of response theory. We find that the calculated multiphoton absorption cross sections are not very sensitive to the size of the basis set as long as a reasonably large basis set with diffuse functions is used. The choice of exchange-correlation functional, however, significantly affects the calculated cross sections of both charge-transfer transitions and other transitions, in particular, for the larger para-nitroaminostilbene molecule. We therefore recommend the use of a range-separated exchange-correlation functional in combination with the augmented correlation-consistent double-? basis set aug-cc-pVDZ for the calculation of multiphoton absorption properties.

SUBMITTER: Friese DH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4357236 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Open-Ended Recursive Approach for the Calculation of Multiphoton Absorption Matrix Elements.

Friese Daniel H DH Beerepoot Maarten T P MT Ringholm Magnus M Ruud Kenneth K

Journal of chemical theory and computation 20150301 3

We present an implementation of single residues for response functions to arbitrary order using a recursive approach. Explicit expressions in terms of density-matrix-based response theory for the single residues of the linear, quadratic, cubic, and quartic response functions are also presented. These residues correspond to one-, two-, three- and four-photon transition matrix elements. The newly developed code is used to calculate the one-, two-, three- and four-photon absorption cross sections o ...[more]

PMID: 25821415

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Project description:There is a growing desire to create computer systems that can collaborate with humans on complex, open-ended activities. These activities typically have no set completion criteria and frequently involve multimodal communication, extensive world knowledge, creativity, and building structures or compositions through multiple steps. Because these systems differ from question and answer (Q&A) systems, chatbots, and simple task-oriented assistants, new methods for evaluating such collaborative computer systems are needed. Here, we present a set of criteria for evaluating these systems, called Hallmarks of Human-Machine Collaboration. The Hallmarks build on the success of heuristic evaluation used by the user interface community and past evaluation techniques used in the spoken language and chatbot communities. They consist of observable characteristics indicative of successful collaborative communication, grouped into eight high-level properties: robustness; habitability; mutual contribution of meaningful content; context-awareness; consistent human engagement; provision of rationale; use of elementary concepts to teach and learn new concepts; and successful collaboration. We present examples of how we used these Hallmarks in the DARPA Communicating with Computers (CwC) program to evaluate diverse activities, including story and music generation, interactive building with blocks, and exploration of molecular mechanisms in cancer. We used the Hallmarks as guides for developers and as diagnostics, assessing systems with the Hallmarks to identify strengths and opportunities for improvement using logs from user studies, surveying the human partner, third-party review of creative products, and direct tests. Informal feedback from CwC technology developers indicates that the use of the Hallmarks for program evaluation helped guide development. The Hallmarks also made it possible to identify areas of progress and major gaps in developing systems where the machine is an equal, creative partner.

Dataset Information

Open-Ended Recursive Approach for the Calculation of Multiphoton Absorption Matrix Elements.

Publications

Open-Ended Recursive Approach for the Calculation of Multiphoton Absorption Matrix Elements.

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