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Effect of Two Macrocephala Flavored Powder supplementation on intestinal morphology and intestinal microbiota in weaning pigs.

ABSTRACT: A total of 75 pigs were used to investigate effects of feeding Two Macrocephala Flavored Powder (TMFP) on small intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota in weaning pigs. The dietary treatments were: a control diet; control diet + 3 g/kg TMFP; control diet + 0.3 g/kg colistin sulfate (ANT). The results showed that supplementation with TMFP increased (P < 0.05) villus height at duodenum, jejunum at 3 time points, increased (P < 0.05) crypt depth at duodenum, jejunum at day 14, improved villus height: crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05) in jejunum at day 21 as compared with ANT. Supplementation of TMFP and ANT had lower (P < 0.05) E. coli counts in the ileum, cecum and colon at day 7 as compared with control. Supplementation of TMFP had higher (P < 0.05) bifidobacteria counts in the ileum, cecum and colon compared with ANT, except for colon at day 21. No effect (P > 0.05) on lactobacilli in colon has been seen with supplementation of TMFP and ANT at 3 time points, while both of supplementations showed increased the number of lactobacilli in cecum at day 14 and day 21. Analysis of DGGE fingerprints indicated that a highest similarity was observed for profiles from samples taken 14 d, 21 d from TMFP. The diversity of DGGE fingerprints of TMFP was higher than those of ANT and control. The results suggest that TMFP is potential to enhancing intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaning pigs, and can be served as an effective and safe dietary additive for weaning pigs.

SUBMITTER: Ye G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4358620 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Two Macrocephala Flavored Powder supplementation on intestinal morphology and intestinal microbiota in weaning pigs.

Ye Gang G Qiu Yin Y He Xiaoli X Zhao Ling L Shi Fei F Lv Cheng C Jing Bo B Li Yinglun Y

International journal of clinical and experimental medicine 20150115 1

A total of 75 pigs were used to investigate effects of feeding Two Macrocephala Flavored Powder (TMFP) on small intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota in weaning pigs. The dietary treatments were: a control diet; control diet + 3 g/kg TMFP; control diet + 0.3 g/kg colistin sulfate (ANT). The results showed that supplementation with TMFP increased (P < 0.05) villus height at duodenum, jejunum at 3 time points, increased (P < 0.05) crypt depth at duodenum, jejunum at day 14, improved villus ...[more]

PMID: 25785165

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Project description:Antibiotics are commonly overused to reduce weaning stress that leads to economic loss in swine production. As potential substitutes of antibiotics, plant extracts have attracted the attention of researchers. However, one of the plant extracts, tannic acid (TA), has an adverse effect on the growth performance, palatability, and intestinal absorption in weaning piglets when used at a large amount. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a proper dose of microencapsulated TA on the growth performance, organ and intestinal development, intestinal morphology, intestinal nutrient transporters, and colonic microbiota in weaning piglets. Forty-five Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire] (initial body weight = 5.99 ± 0.13 kg, weaned days = 21 d) piglets were randomly divided into five treatment groups (n = 9) and raised in 14 d. The piglets in the control group were raised on a basal diet; the piglets in the antibiotic test group were raised on a basal diet with three antibiotics (375 mg/kg Chlortetracycline 20%, 500 mg/kg Enramycin 4%, 1,500 mg/kg Oxytetracycline calcium 20%); and the other three groups were raised on a basal diet with three doses of microencapsulated TA (TA1, 500 mg/kg; TA2, 1,000 mg/kg; TA3, 1,500 mg/kg). All the piglets were raised in the same environment and given the same amount of nutrients for 2 wk. The results showed that both TA1 and TA2 groups had no adverse effect on the growth performance, organ weight and intestinal growth, and the pH value of gastrointestinal content. TA2 treatment improved the duodenal morphology (P < 0.05), increased the gene expression level of solute carrier family 6, member 19 and solute carrier family 15, member 1 (P < 0.05) in the ileum, and modulated the colonic bacteria composition (P < 0.05), but inhibited the activity of maltase in the ileum (P < 0.05) and the jejunal gene expression level of solute carrier family 5, member 1 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our study suggests that a dosage between 500 and 1,000 mg/kg of microencapsulated TA is safe to be included in the swine diet and that 1,000 mg/kg of microencapsulated TA has beneficial effects on intestinal morphology, intestinal nutrient transporter, and intestinal microbiota in weaning piglets. These findings provide new insights into suitable alternatives to antibiotics for improving growth performance and colonic microbiota.

Project description:Weaning transition usually impairs intestinal architecture and functions and results in gut-associated disorders in pigs. Understanding the changes in intestinal transcriptome and gut microbiota during weaning transition is important for elucidating the underlying mechanism of weaning stress. In the present study, we performed RNA-seq to determine the changes in intestinal transcriptome and 16S rRNA sequencing to measure the gut microbiota changes in the weaning transition. Transcriptome results indicated that weaning transition altered intestinal gene expression involved in nutrient transport and metabolism. Regarding fatty metabolism, fatty acid-binding protein 1 (FABP1), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADSB), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) expression in the intestine was decreased by weaning. Genes related to bile acid metabolism were increased by weaning, including FABP6, farnesoid X receptor (FXR or NR1H4) and organic solute transporter-? (SLC51A). In addition, genes associated with oxidative stress were altered by weaning transition, including decreased catalase (CAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) and increased glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3). Results of microbiota composition showed that the Firmicutes abundance and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were increased and that the Proteobacteria abundance in the fecal microbiota was decreased by the weaning process; during the weaning transition, the Bacteroides and Fusobacterium abundances decreased markedly, and these bacteria nearly disappeared, while the Prevotella abundance showed a marked increase. Moreover, the levels of the microbial metabolites butyrate and acetate increased with changes in gut microbiota composition. In addition, predictive metagenome by PICRUSt analysis showed that the pathways related to D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were decreased and the pathway related to retinol metabolism was increased in the gut microbiota of piglets during weaning transition. Our results showed that early weaning alters intestinal gene expression involved in nutrient metabolism, which may be due to the changes in microbiota composition.

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Dataset Information

Effect of Two Macrocephala Flavored Powder supplementation on intestinal morphology and intestinal microbiota in weaning pigs.

Publications

Effect of Two Macrocephala Flavored Powder supplementation on intestinal morphology and intestinal microbiota in weaning pigs.

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