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Diffusion tensor imaging studies of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: A meta-analysis was conducted to assess alterations in measures of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the patients of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), exploring the potential role of DTI as a diagnosis biomarker. A systematic search of all related studies written in English was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane comparing CSM patients with healthy controls. Key details for each study regarding participants, imaging techniques, and results were extracted. DTI measurements, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and mean diffusivity (MD) were pooled to calculate the effect size (ES) by fixed or random effects meta-analysis. 14 studies involving 479 CSM patients and 278 controls were identified. Meta-analysis of the most compressed levels (MCL) of CSM patients demonstrated that FA was significantly reduced (ES -1.52, 95% CI -1.87 to -1.16, P < 0.001) and ADC was significantly increased (ES 1.09, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.28, P < 0.001). In addition, a notable ES was found for lowered FA at C2-C3 for CSM vs. controls (ES -0.83, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.570, P < 0.001). Meta-regression analysis revealed that male ratio of CSM patients had a significant effect on reduction of FA at MCL (P = 0.03). The meta-analysis of DTI studies of CSM patients clearly demonstrated a significant FA reduction and ADC increase compared with healthy subjects. This result supports the use of DTI parameters in differentiating CSM patients from health subjects. Future researches are required to investigate the diagnosis performance of DTI in cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

SUBMITTER: Guan X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4363894 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diffusion tensor imaging studies of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Guan Xiaofei X Fan Guoxin G Wu Xinbo X Gu Guangfei G Gu Xin X Zhang Hailong H He Shisheng S

PloS one 20150211 2

A meta-analysis was conducted to assess alterations in measures of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the patients of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), exploring the potential role of DTI as a diagnosis biomarker. A systematic search of all related studies written in English was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane comparing CSM patients with healthy controls. Key details for each study regarding participants, imaging techniques, and results were extracted. DT ...[more]

PMID: 25671624

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Project description:Study designProspective cohort study.ObjectiveApply a machine learning clustering algorithm to baseline imaging data to identify clinically relevant cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patient phenotypes.Summary of background dataA major shortcoming in improving care for CSM patients is the lack of robust quantitative imaging tools to guide surgical decision-making. Advanced diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI), may help address this limitation by providing detailed evaluations of white matter injury in CSM.MethodsFifty CSM patients underwent comprehensive clinical assessments and diffusion-weighted MRI, followed by DBSI modeling. DBSI metrics included fractional anisotropy, axial and radial diffusivity, fiber fraction, extra-axonal fraction, restricted fraction, and nonrestricted fraction. Neurofunctional status was assessed by the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association, myelopathic disability index, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand. Quality-of-life was measured by the 36-Item Short Form Survey physical component summary and mental component summary. The neck disability index was used to measure self-reported neck pain. K-means clustering was applied to baseline DBSI measures to identify 3 clinically relevant CSM disease phenotypes. Baseline demographic, clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcome measures were compared among clusters using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsTwenty-three (55%) mild, 9 (21%) moderate, and 10 (24%) severe myelopathy patients were enrolled. Eight patients were excluded due to MRI data of insufficient quality. Of the remaining 42 patients, 3 groups were generated by k-means clustering. When compared with clusters 1 and 2, cluster 3 performed significantly worse on the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association and all patient-reported outcome measures (P<0.001), except the 36-Item Short Form Survey mental component summary (P>0.05). Cluster 3 also possessed the highest proportion of non-Caucasian patients (43%, P=0.04), the worst hand dynamometer measurements (P<0.05), and significantly higher intra-axonal axial diffusivity and extra-axonal fraction values (P<0.001).ConclusionsUsing baseline imaging data, we delineated a clinically meaningful CSM disease phenotype, characterized by worse neurofunctional status, quality-of-life, and pain, and more severe imaging markers of vasogenic edema.Level of evidenceII.

Project description:MethodsTwenty patients with CSM and 17 controls were recruited. Clinical scores of modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) and Nurick were collected. MRI based compression grades such as cord distortion were assessed. Hand dysfunction was tested using a custom motorized apparatus. Subject's forearm was placed in a cast and positioned such that their metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint was vertically aligned with the motor shaft. Surface electromyographic sensors were placed on flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and extensor digitorum communis muscles. Hyperreflexia was measured as the FDS muscle activation during reflex when the MCP joint was moved from flexion to extension at 300°/sec. Proprioception was quantified as the angle of detection in absence of visual or auditory cues (subjects were blindfolded and given noise-cancelling headphones). Strength was measured as the maximum isometric force at the MCP joint. 2-sample t-test (p<0.05) were performed to assess significant differences in reflexes, proprioception and strength among patients and controls (SPSS software version 24).ResultsPatients reported higher Nurick (1.90±1.0 vs 0±0, p<0.001) and lower mJOA scores (14.3±1.9 vs 18.0±0, p<0.001) as compared to controls. Similarly, patients with CSM had increased reflexes (peak FDS EMG) (0.073±0.096 vs. 0.014±0.010, p = 0.019). Patient proprioception was significantly worse; mean angle of detection was greater than twice as high in patients (9.6± 9.43°) compared to controls (4.0± 2.3°), p = 0.022. MRI based compression ratio (CR) was a significant predictor of hyperreflexia, CR<0.44 resulted in steep increase in reflex activity. Fifteen of the 20 patients who completed follow up testing at 6 months after surgery show substantial clinical improvement in reflexes and proprioceptive angle, while repeated testing in controls were unchanged.ConclusionIn conclusion, hyperreflexia and decline in proprioception are the main drivers of hand disability in patients with CSM. Of multiple scales, only a select few MRI scales (such as compression ratio) were predictive of increased reflexes. The study describes a pre-clinical testing apparatus to quantitatively and objectively assess primary presenting symptoms in CSM. This pilot apparatus has the potential to evaluate treatment efficacy through repeated testing. Objective testing of hand dysfunction can help inform the design of clinically feasible devices, guide MRI biomarker analysis, and improve our understanding of the progression of neurological injury in this patient population.

Dataset Information

Diffusion tensor imaging studies of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Publications

Diffusion tensor imaging studies of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

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