Dataset Information

KRAS mutant NSCLC, a new opportunity for the synthetic lethality therapeutic approach.

ABSTRACT: K-RAS accounts for 90% of RAS mutations in lung adenocarcinomas, the most commonly mutated oncogene in NSCLC, with mutations detected in about 25% of all tumors. Direct inhibition of KRAS has proven clinically challenging. So far, no successful targeted therapy has been developed and remains an elusive target for cancer therapy. Despite significant efforts, currently there are no drugs directly targeting mutated KRAS. Thus, new strategies have emerged for targeting RAS including the use of synthetic lethality. A specific knowledge of individual tumor molecular abnormalities that result in oncogene-specific "synthetic lethal" interactions will allow the rationale to combine promising targeted therapies for KRAS-mutated NSCLC. In this article, we review the new approach based on testing drugs or combinations of agents that work downstream of activated K-RAS.

SUBMITTER: de Castro Carpeno J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4369862 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

KRAS mutant NSCLC, a new opportunity for the synthetic lethality therapeutic approach.

de Castro Carpeño Javier J Belda-Iniesta Cristóbal C

Translational lung cancer research 20130401 2

K-RAS accounts for 90% of RAS mutations in lung adenocarcinomas, the most commonly mutated oncogene in NSCLC, with mutations detected in about 25% of all tumors. Direct inhibition of KRAS has proven clinically challenging. So far, no successful targeted therapy has been developed and remains an elusive target for cancer therapy. Despite significant efforts, currently there are no drugs directly targeting mutated KRAS. Thus, new strategies have emerged for targeting RAS including the use of synth ...[more]

PMID: 25806225

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundOncogenic KRAS mutations are prevalent in human cancers, but effective treatment of KRAS-mutant malignancies remains a major challenge in the clinic. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant metabolism plays a central role in KRAS-driven oncogenic transformation. The aim of this study is to identify selective metabolic dependency induced by mutant KRAS and to exploit it for the treatment of the disease.MethodWe performed an integrated analysis of RNAi- and CRISPR-based functional genomic datasets (n = 5) to identify novel genes selectively required for KRAS-mutant cancer. We further screened a customized library of chemical inhibitors for candidates that are synthetic lethal with NOP56 depletion. Functional studies were carried out by genetic knockdown using siRNAs and shRNAs, knockout using CRISPR/Cas9, and/or pharmacological inhibition, followed by cell viability and apoptotic assays. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. Metabolic ROS was measured by flow cytometry-based quantification.ResultsWe demonstrated that nucleolar protein 5A (NOP56), a core component of small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes (snoRNPs) with an essential role in ribosome biogenesis, confers a metabolic dependency by regulating ROS homeostasis in KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells and that NOP56 depletion causes synthetic lethal susceptibility to inhibition of mTOR. Mechanistically, cancer cells with reduced NOP56 are subjected to higher levels of ROS and rely on mTOR signaling to balance oxidative stress and survive. We also discovered that IRE1α-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) regulates this process by activating mTOR through p38 MAPK. Consequently, co-targeting of NOP56 and mTOR profoundly enhances KRAS-mutant tumor cell death in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsOur findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism in which NOP56 and mTOR cooperate to play a homeostatic role in the response to oxidative stress and suggest a new rationale for the treatment of KRAS-mutant cancers.

Dataset Information

KRAS mutant NSCLC, a new opportunity for the synthetic lethality therapeutic approach.

Publications

KRAS mutant NSCLC, a new opportunity for the synthetic lethality therapeutic approach.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets