Dataset Information

Sensitivity of cold acclimation to elevated autumn temperature in field-grown Pinus strobus seedlings.

ABSTRACT: Climate change will increase autumn air temperature, while photoperiod decrease will remain unaffected. We assessed the effect of increased autumn air temperature on timing and development of cold acclimation and freezing resistance in Eastern white pine (EWP, Pinus strobus) under field conditions. For this purpose we simulated projected warmer temperatures for southern Ontario in a Temperature Free-Air-Controlled Enhancement (T-FACE) experiment and exposed EWP seedlings to ambient (Control) or elevated temperature (ET, +1.5°C/+3°C during day/night). Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, photoprotective pigments, leaf non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), and cold hardiness were assessed over two consecutive autumns. Nighttime temperature below 10°C and photoperiod below 12 h initiated downregulation of assimilation in both treatments. When temperature further decreased to 0°C and photoperiod became shorter than 10 h, downregulation of the light reactions and upregulation of photoprotective mechanisms occurred in both treatments. While ET seedlings did not delay the timing of the downregulation of assimilation, stomatal conductance in ET seedlings was decreased by 20-30% between August and early October. In both treatments leaf NSC composition changed considerably during autumn but differences between Control and ET seedlings were not significant. Similarly, development of freezing resistance was induced by exposure to low temperature during autumn, but the timing was not delayed in ET seedlings compared to Control seedlings. Our results indicate that EWP is most sensitive to temperature changes during October and November when downregulation of photosynthesis, enhancement of photoprotection, synthesis of cold-associated NSCs and development of freezing resistance occur. However, we also conclude that the timing of the development of freezing resistance in EWP seedlings is not affected by moderate temperature increases used in our field experiments.

SUBMITTER: Chang CY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4371696 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sensitivity of cold acclimation to elevated autumn temperature in field-grown Pinus strobus seedlings.

Chang Christine Y CY Unda Faride F Zubilewich Alexandra A Mansfield Shawn D SD Ensminger Ingo I

Frontiers in plant science 20150324

Climate change will increase autumn air temperature, while photoperiod decrease will remain unaffected. We assessed the effect of increased autumn air temperature on timing and development of cold acclimation and freezing resistance in Eastern white pine (EWP, Pinus strobus) under field conditions. For this purpose we simulated projected warmer temperatures for southern Ontario in a Temperature Free-Air-Controlled Enhancement (T-FACE) experiment and exposed EWP seedlings to ambient (Control) or ...[more]

PMID: 25852717

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Project description:Plant growth is often limited by highly activated aluminum (Al) and low available phosphorus (P) in acidic soil. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can improve their host plants' Al tolerance by increasing P availability while decreasing Al activity in vitro or in hydroponic or sand culture systems. However, the effect of ECM fungi on inorganic P (IP) and labile Al in acidic soil in the field, particularly in conjunction with Al treatment, remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to determine the influence of ECM fungal association on the mobilization of IP and labile Al in rhizosphere soil of host plants grown in the field with external Al treatment and the underlying nutritional mechanism in plant Al tolerance. To do so, 4-week-old Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with three ECM isolates (Laccaria bicolor 270, L. bicolor S238A, and L. bicolor S238N) and grown in a Haplic Alisol field with or without Al treatment for 12 weeks. Results showed that L. bicolor association enhanced the available P depletion and facilitated the mobilization of IP and labile Al, in turn improving the capacity of host plant to use Al-bound P, Ca-bound P, and occluded P, particularly when P. massoniana seedlings were inoculated with L. bicolor S238A. Inoculation with L. bicolor isolates also enhanced the solubility of labile Al and facilitated the conversion of acid-soluble Al into exchangeable Al. Our findings suggested that ECM inoculation could enhance plant Al tolerance in the field by mobilizing IP to improve the P bioavailability but not by decreasing Al activity.IMPORTANCE Here, we reveal the underlying nutritional mechanism in plant Al tolerance conferred by ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-fungus inoculation in the field and report the screening of a promising ECM isolate to assist phytoremediation and afforestation using Pinus massoniana in acidic soil in southern China. This study advances our understanding of the contribution of ECM fungi to plant-ECM-fungus symbiosis and highlights the vital role of ECM-fungus inoculation in plant Al tolerance. In addition, the results described in the present study confirm the importance of carrying out studies in the field rather than only in vitro studies. Our findings strengthen our understanding of the role of ECM-fungus association in detecting, utilizing, and transporting unavailable nutrients in the soil to enhance host plant growth and adaptability in response to adverse habitats.

Project description:Juvenile, female and male nematodes were discovered in wood chips of white pine Pinus strobus from Ashley Falls, MA. Initial observations suggested these nematodes might be PWN, but closer morphological and molecular characterization proved otherwise. Comparison of measured features with those in the literature indicated this nematode population had some unique characteristics. The specimens were identified as Bursaphelenchus antoniae Penas et al., 2006 based on 18S rDNA molecular sequence vs only 95% similarity with PWN B. xylophilus. Compared to the previously described Portuguese population of B. antoniae, the sequences generated for the MA population were 98.3% similar in the ITS1, 2 rDNA and 99.9% similar for 28S rDNA. There was 99.2% similarity between the COI sequences of the US and Portuguese isolates of B. antoniae. This population has morphology consistent with that of Penas et al., 2006; however, the female tail on this MA pine population is mucronate and more attenuated than in B. antoniae from Portuguese P. pinaster found in association with Hylobius sp. Ecological associations of both populations of B. antoniae are discussed.Juvenile, female and male nematodes were discovered in wood chips of white pine Pinus strobus from Ashley Falls, MA. Initial observations suggested these nematodes might be PWN, but closer morphological and molecular characterization proved otherwise. Comparison of measured features with those in the literature indicated this nematode population had some unique characteristics. The specimens were identified as Bursaphelenchus antoniae Penas et al., 2006 based on 18S rDNA molecular sequence vs only 95% similarity with PWN B. xylophilus. Compared to the previously described Portuguese population of B. antoniae, the sequences generated for the MA population were 98.3% similar in the ITS1, 2 rDNA and 99.9% similar for 28S rDNA. There was 99.2% similarity between the COI sequences of the US and Portuguese isolates of B. antoniae. This population has morphology consistent with that of Penas et al., 2006; however, the female tail on this MA pine population is mucronate and more attenuated than in B. antoniae from Portuguese P. pinaster found in association with Hylobius sp. Ecological associations of both populations of B. antoniae are discussed.

Dataset Information

Sensitivity of cold acclimation to elevated autumn temperature in field-grown Pinus strobus seedlings.

Publications

Sensitivity of cold acclimation to elevated autumn temperature in field-grown Pinus strobus seedlings.

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