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Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Exosomes Cause Paraneoplastic ?-cell Dysfunction.

ABSTRACT: Pancreatic cancer frequently causes diabetes. We recently proposed adrenomedullin as a candidate mediator of pancreatic ?-cell dysfunction in pancreatic cancer. How pancreatic cancer-derived adrenomedullin reaches ? cells remote from the cancer to induce ?-cell dysfunction is unknown. We tested a novel hypothesis that pancreatic cancer sheds adrenomedullin-containing exosomes into circulation, which are transported to ? cells and impair insulin secretion.We characterized exosomes from conditioned media of pancreatic cancer cell lines (n = 5) and portal/peripheral venous blood of patients with pancreatic cancer (n = 20). Western blot analysis showed the presence of adrenomedullin in pancreatic cancer-exosomes. We determined the effect of adrenomedullin-containing pancreatic cancer exosomes on insulin secretion from INS-1 ? cells and human islets, and demonstrated the mechanism of exosome internalization into ? cells. We studied the interaction between ?-cell adrenomedullin receptors and adrenomedullin present in pancreatic cancer-exosomes. In addition, the effect of adrenomedullin on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response genes and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species generation in ? cells was shown.Exosomes were found to be the predominant extracellular vesicles secreted by pancreatic cancer into culture media and patient plasma. Pancreatic cancer-exosomes contained adrenomedullin and CA19-9, readily entered ? cells through caveolin-mediated endocytosis or macropinocytosis, and inhibited insulin secretion. Adrenomedullin in pancreatic cancer exosomes interacted with its receptor on ? cells. Adrenomedullin receptor blockade abrogated the inhibitory effect of exosomes on insulin secretion. ? cells exposed to adrenomedullin or pancreatic cancer exosomes showed upregulation of ER stress genes and increased reactive oxygen/nitrogen species.Pancreatic cancer causes paraneoplastic ?-cell dysfunction by shedding adrenomedullin(+)/CA19-9(+) exosomes into circulation that inhibit insulin secretion, likely through adrenomedullin-induced ER stress and failure of the unfolded protein response.

SUBMITTER: Javeed N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4383684 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Exosomes Cause Paraneoplastic β-cell Dysfunction.

Javeed Naureen N Sagar Gunisha G Dutta Shamit K SK Smyrk Thomas C TC Lau Julie S JS Bhattacharya Santanu S Truty Mark M Petersen Gloria M GM Kaufman Randal J RJ Chari Suresh T ST Mukhopadhyay Debabrata D

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 20141029 7

<h4>Purpose</h4>Pancreatic cancer frequently causes diabetes. We recently proposed adrenomedullin as a candidate mediator of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in pancreatic cancer. How pancreatic cancer-derived adrenomedullin reaches β cells remote from the cancer to induce β-cell dysfunction is unknown. We tested a novel hypothesis that pancreatic cancer sheds adrenomedullin-containing exosomes into circulation, which are transported to β cells and impair insulin secretion.<h4>Experimental methods< ...[more]

PMID: 25355928

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Project description:Macroautophagy/autophagy or mitophagy plays crucial roles in the maintenance of pancreatic β-cell function. PPP3/calcineurin can modulate the activity of TFEB, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy gene expression, through dephosphorylation. We studied whether PPP3/calcineurin inhibitors can affect the mitophagy of pancreatic β-cells and pancreatic β-cell function employing FK506, an immunosuppressive drug against graft rejection. FK506 suppressed rotenone- or oligomycin+antimycin-A-induced mitophagy measured by Mito-Keima localization in acidic lysosomes or RFP-LC3 puncta colocalized with TOMM20 in INS-1 insulinoma cells. FK506 diminished nuclear translocation of TFEB after treatment with rotenone or oligomycin+antimycin A. Forced TFEB nuclear translocation by a constitutively active TFEB mutant transfection restored impaired mitophagy by FK506, suggesting the role of decreased TFEB nuclear translocation in FK506-mediated mitophagy impairment. Probably due to reduced mitophagy, recovery of mitochondrial potential or quenching of mitochondrial ROS after removal of rotenone or oligomycin+antimycin A was delayed by FK506. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was reduced by FK506, indicating reduced mitochondrial function by FK506. Likely due to mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin release from INS-1 cells was reduced by FK506 in vitro. FK506 treatment also reduced insulin release and impaired glucose tolerance in vivo, which was associated with decreased mitophagy and mitochondrial COX activity in pancreatic islets. FK506-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and glucose intolerance were ameliorated by an autophagy enhancer activating TFEB. These results suggest that diminished mitophagy and consequent mitochondrial dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells contribute to FK506-induced β-cell dysfunction or glucose intolerance, and autophagy enhancement could be a therapeutic modality against post-transplantation diabetes mellitus caused by PPP3/calcineurin inhibitors.

Dataset Information

Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Exosomes Cause Paraneoplastic ?-cell Dysfunction.

Publications

Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Exosomes Cause Paraneoplastic β-cell Dysfunction.

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