Anthropometric measures of abdominal adiposity for the identification of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Weber DR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4384445 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Anthropometric measures of abdominal adiposity for the identification of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.
Weber David R DR Levitt Katz Lorraine E LE Zemel Babette S BS Gallagher Paul R PR Murphy Kathryn M KM Dumser Susan M SM Lipman Terri H TH
Diabetes research and clinical practice 20140108 3
Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) was obtained in 65 adolescents referred for assessment of cardiometabolic risk. We found that SAD was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors independent of BMI in males, but that SAD was not superior to BMI or other measures of abdominal adiposity for the detection of metabolic syndrome. ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:BACKGROUND:Mendelian randomization studies in adults suggest that abdominal adiposity is causally associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease in adults, but its causal effect on cardiometabolic risk in children remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to study the causal relation of abdominal adiposity with cardiometabolic risk factors in children by applying Mendelian randomization. METHODS:We constructed a genetic risk score (GRS) using variants previously associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) and examined its associations with cardiometabolic factors by linear regression and Mendelian randomization in a meta-analysis of 6 cohorts, including 9895 European children and adolescents aged 3-17 y. RESULTS:WHRadjBMI GRS was associated with higher WHRadjBMI (? = 0.021 SD/allele; 95% CI: 0.016, 0.026 SD/allele; P = 3 × 10-15) and with unfavorable concentrations of blood lipids (higher LDL cholesterol: ? = 0.006 SD/allele; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.011 SD/allele; P = 0.025; lower HDL cholesterol: ? = -0.007 SD/allele; 95% CI: -0.012, -0.002 SD/allele; P = 0.009; higher triglycerides: ? = 0.007 SD/allele; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.012 SD/allele; P = 0.006). No differences were detected between prepubertal and pubertal/postpubertal children. The WHRadjBMI GRS had a stronger association with fasting insulin in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity (? = 0.016 SD/allele; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.032 SD/allele; P = 0.037) than in those with normal weight (? = -0.002 SD/allele; 95% CI: -0.010, 0.006 SD/allele; P = 0.605) (P for difference = 0.034). In a 2-stage least-squares regression analysis, each genetically instrumented 1-SD increase in WHRadjBMI increased circulating triglycerides by 0.17 mmol/L (0.35 SD, P = 0.040), suggesting that the relation between abdominal adiposity and circulating triglycerides may be causal. CONCLUSIONS:Abdominal adiposity may have a causal, unfavorable effect on plasma triglycerides and potentially other cardiometabolic risk factors starting in childhood. The results highlight the importance of early weight management through healthy dietary habits and physically active lifestyle among children with a tendency for abdominal adiposity.
| S-EPMC6904295 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundChildhood overweight and obesity remains high, contributing to cardiometabolic risk factors at younger ages. It is unclear which measures of adiposity serve as the best proxies for identifying children at metabolic risk. This study assessed whether DXA-derived direct measures of adiposity are more strongly related to cardiometabolic risk factors in children than indirect measures.MethodsAnthropometric and DXA measures of adiposity and a comprehensive assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors were obtained in 288, 9-12 year old girls, most being of Hispanic ethnicity. Multiple regression models for each metabolic parameter were run against each adiposity measure while controlling for maturation and ethnicity. In addition, regression models including both indirect and direct measures were developed to assess whether using direct measures of adiposity could provide a better prediction of the cardiometabolic risk factors beyond that of using indirect measures alone.ResultsMeasures of adiposity were significantly correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors (p < 0.05) except fasting glucose. After adjusting for maturation and ethnicity, indirect measures of adiposity accounted for 29-34% in HOMA-IR, 10-13% in TG, 14-17% in HDL-C, and 5-8% in LDL-C while direct measures accounted for 29-34% in HOMA-IR, 10-12% in TG, 13-16% in HDL-C, and 5-6% in LDL-C. The addition of direct measures of adiposity to indirect measures added significantly to the variance explained for HOMA-IR (p = 0.04).ConclusionAnthropometric measures may perform as well as the more precise direct DXA-derived measures of adiposity for assessing most CVD risk factors in preadolescent girls. The use of DXA-derived adiposity measures together with indirect measures may be advantageous for predicting insulin resistance risk.Trial registrationNCT02654262 . Retrospectively registered 11 January 2016.
| S-EPMC5324258 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe worldwide prevalence of obesity mandates a widely accessible tool to categorize adiposity that can best predict associated health risks. The body adiposity index (BAI) was designed as a single equation to predict body adiposity in pooled analysis of both genders. We compared body adiposity index (BAI), body mass index (BMI), and other anthropometric measures, including percent body fat (PBF), in their correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors. We also compared BAI with BMI to determine which index is a better predictor of PBF.MethodsThe cohort consisted of 698 Mexican Americans. We calculated correlations of BAI, BMI, and other anthropometric measurements (PBF measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, waist and hip circumference, height, weight) with glucose homeostasis indices (including insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance from euglycemic clamp), lipid parameters, cardiovascular traits (including carotid intima-media thickness), and biomarkers (C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin). Correlations between each anthropometric measure and cardiometabolic trait were compared in both sex-pooled and sex-stratified groups.ResultsBMI was associated with all but two measured traits (carotid intima-media thickness and fasting glucose in men), while BAI lacked association with several variables. BAI did not outperform BMI in its associations with any cardiometabolic trait. BAI was correlated more strongly than BMI with PBF in sex-pooled analyses (r?=?0.78 versus r?=?0.51), but not in sex-stratified analyses (men, r?=?0.63 versus r?=?0.79; women, r?=?0.69 versus r?=?0.77). Additionally, PBF showed fewer correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors than BMI. Weight was more strongly correlated than hip with many of the cardiometabolic risk factors examined.ConclusionsBAI is inferior to the widely used BMI as a correlate of the cardiometabolic risk factors studied. Additionally, BMI's relationship with total adiposity may not be the sole determinate of its association with cardiometabolic risk.
| S-EPMC3679008 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:Accumulation of adipose tissue is associated with cardiometabolic risks. Although visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been strongly implicated in this relationship, there is still some debate regarding the contribution of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of abdominal SAT to cardiometabolic risk factors, independent of total and visceral adiposity. These relationships were assessed in Caucasian and African Americans. DESIGN:It is a cross-sectional analysis of the Pennington Center Longitudinal Study. SUBJECTS:Data were extracted from 1246 participants. Total body fat mass (FM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, whereas abdominal VAT and SAT areas (cm(2)) were measured with computed tomography. The cardiometabolic risk factors included resting blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). RESULTS:Positive relationships across tertiles of VAT were seen for the participants with high glucose, high BP and low HDL-C (P<0.043). There was also a significant increase in the percentage of participants with two or more cardiometabolic risk factors across most tertiles of abdominal SAT (P<0.042). Logistic regression analysis showed that in univariate models, all adiposity measures were significantly associated with increased odds of having all risk factors in men and women. In multivariate models, VAT was significantly associated with most risk factors across gender. Abdominal SAT and FM (odds ratios (ORs) 1.3-2.1; all P<0.05) were associated with fewer risk factors after accounting for VAT. VAT (OR=5.9 and 5.3) and SAT (OR=2.0 and 1.8) were both associated with higher odds of the presence of two or more cardiometabolic risk factors in both males and females (P<0.001). CONCLUSION:The data suggest that abdominal SAT is not protective against unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profiles. These conclusions were consistent across ethnic groups.
| S-EPMC3302129 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIt is largely unknown how TV use relates to depot-specific adiposity or cardiometabolic risk in children.PurposeTo examine relationships between having a TV in the bedroom and TV viewing time with total fat mass, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 369 children and adolescents aged 5-18 years was conducted (2010-2011; analysis 2011-2012). Waist circumference; resting blood pressure; fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and glucose; fat mass by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity by MRI were assessed. Cardiometabolic risk was defined as three or more risk factors including adverse levels of waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-C, and glucose. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute ORs of high fat mass; subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue mass (top age-adjusted quartile); and cardiometabolic risk, based on self-reported TV present in the bedroom and TV viewing time, controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity level, and unhealthy diet.ResultsIn multivariable models, presence of a TV in the bedroom and TV viewing time were associated with (p<0.05) higher odds of high waist circumference (OR=1.9-2.1); fat mass (OR=2.0-2.5); and subcutaneous adiposity (OR=2.1-2.9), whereas viewing TV ≥5 hours/day was associated with high visceral adiposity (OR=2.0). Having a TV in the bedroom was associated with elevated cardiometabolic risk (OR=2.9) and high triglycerides (OR=2.0).ConclusionsHaving a bedroom TV and TV viewing time were related to high waist circumference, fat mass, and abdominal subcutaneous adiposity. TV viewing time was related to visceral adiposity, and bedroom TV was related to cardiometabolic risk in children, controlling for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and an unhealthy diet.RegistrationThis study is registered at Clinicaltrials.govNCT01595100.
| S-EPMC3527837 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study was to assess genetic and phenotypic correlations of obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors in a family-based cohort.Anthropometric, body composition and biochemical measurements were collected on 999 members of 111 extended Midwestern US families of Northern European origin. Forward stepwise regression was used to identify which of Tanner stage, sex, Tanner stage by sex, body fat mass index, body fat percentage (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), visceral fat (VF)/subcutaneous fat (SubQF) (computed tomography scans for adults or magnetic resonance imaging for children), VF, SubQF, body mass index (BMI)% and waist to height ratio most influence homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), plasma triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c).In children and adolescents, subcutaneous adiposity was the most significant covariate for HOMA (P?<?0.001) and TG (P?=?0.001), and BMI percentile for HDL-c (P?=?0.002) and LDL-c (P?<?0.001). In adults, waist-height ratio (P?<?0.001), VF/SubQF ratio (P?=?0.001) and BMI (P?=?0.02) were most significant for HOMA; VF (P?<?0.001) and BMI (P?=?0.02) for TG and VF for LDL-c (P?=?0.001).Subcutaneous adiposity at the waist is a more significant predictor of metabolic syndrome traits in children and adolescents than it is in adults.
| S-EPMC4114214 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Studying the determinants and the long-term consequences of fetal adipose accretion requires accurate assessment of neonatal body composition. In large epidemiological studies, in-depth body composition measurement methods are usually not feasible for cost and logistical reasons, and there is a need to identify anthropometric measures that adequately reflect neonatal adiposity. METHODS:In a multiethnic Asian mother-offspring cohort in Singapore, anthropometric measures (weight, length, abdominal circumference, skinfold thicknesses) were measured using standardized protocols in newborn infants, and anthropometric indices (weight/length, weight/length2 (body mass index, BMI), weight/length3 (ponderal index, PI)) derived. Neonatal total adiposity was measured using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and abdominal adiposity using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Correlations of the anthropometric measures with ADP- and MRI-based adiposity were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients (rp), including in subsamples stratified by sex and ethnicity. RESULTS:Study neonates (n=251) had a mean (s.d.) age of 10.2 (2.5) days. Correlations between ADP-based fat mass (ADPFM) and anthropometric measures were moderate (rp range: 0.44-0.67), with the strongest being with weight/length, weight, BMI and sum of skinfolds (rp=0.67, 0.66, 0.62, 0.62, respectively, all P<0.01). All anthropometric measures except skinfold thicknesses correlated more strongly with ADP-based fat-free mass than ADPFM, indicating that skinfold measures may have more discriminative power in terms of neonatal total body adiposity. For MRI-based measures, weight and weight/length consistently showed strong positive correlations (rp?0.7) with abdominal adipose tissue compartments. These correlations were consistent in boys and girls, across different ethnic groups, and when conventional determinants of neonatal adiposity were adjusted for potential confounding. Abdominal circumference was not strongly associated with ADPFM or abdominal fat mass. CONCLUSIONS:Simple anthropometric measures (weight and weight/length) correlated strongly with neonatal adiposity, with some evidence for greater discriminative power for skinfold measures. These simple measures could be of value in large epidemiological studies.
| S-EPMC5862425 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundResearchers have proposed biologically plausible mechanisms linking excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) to maternal metabolic and cardiovascular diseases later in life.ObjectiveThe objective was to determine the extent to which GWG was associated with abdominal adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors in a sample of women 4-12 y after delivery.DesignWe used data from The Women's and Infants' Study of Healthy Hearts, a cohort of women who gave birth between 1997 and 2002 at Magee-Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh, PA. By design, women with small-for-gestational-age and preterm births were oversampled. Women with preeclampsia, prepregnancy hypertension, or diabetes were excluded. GWG was ascertained from prenatal records, and GWG adequacy was assessed according to 2009 Institute of Medicine/National Research Council guidelines. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) >88 cm and weight change as current weight - prepregnancy weight.ResultsThe prevalence of inadequate, adequate, and excessive GWG was 22% (107/478), 30% (145/478), and 47% (226/478), respectively. The analyses were adjusted for age at outcome assessment, prepregnancy BMI, marital status and insurance at delivery, race, smoking during target pregnancy, and current education, parity, and smoking. Associations between excessive GWG and blood pressure, lipids, glucose, insulin, and metabolic syndrome were null. However, women with excessive GWG had a 3.6-kg (1.5, 5.6) greater weight change, a 3.2-cm (1.2, 5.2) greater WC, and 3-fold greater odds of abdominal obesity (2.9; 1.6, 5.1) compared with women who gained weight as recommended.ConclusionExcessive GWG is associated with long-term maternal abdominal adiposity, which may increase a woman's risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
| S-EPMC3798077 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can provide accurate measurements of body composition. Few studies have compared the relative validity of DXA measures with anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The authors compared correlations of DXA measurements of total fat mass and fat mass percent in the whole body and trunk, BMI, and WC with obesity-related biologic factors, including blood pressure and levels of plasma lipids, C-reactive protein, and fasting insulin and glucose, among 8,773 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004). Overall, the magnitudes of correlations of BMI and WC with the obesity-related biologic factors were similar to those of fat mass or fat mass percent in the whole body and trunk, respectively. These observations were largely consistent across different age, gender, and ethnic groups. In addition, in both men and women, BMI and WC demonstrated similar abilities to distinguish between participants with and without the metabolic syndrome in comparison with corresponding DXA measurements. These data indicate that the validity of simple anthropometric measures such as BMI and WC is comparable to that of DXA measurements of fat mass and fat mass percent, as evaluated by their associations with obesity-related biomarkers and prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
| S-EPMC2998203 | biostudies-other
Project description:PurposeThe aim of the study was to assess the associations of meeting physical activity (PA), sleep, and dietary guidelines with cardiometabolic risk factors and adiposity in adolescents.MethodsThe sample included adolescents aged 10-16 years. Accelerometry was used to measure PA and sleep over 7 days, 24 h/d. The PA guideline was defined as ≥60 min/d of moderate-to-vigorous PA. The sleep guideline was 9-11 hours (10-13 years) or 8-10 hours (14-16 years) per night. The dietary guideline was based on the Healthy Eating Index calculated from dietary recalls. Cardiometabolic risk factors and adiposity were assessed in an in-patient setting. Linear regression was used to examine the association between meeting each guideline and cardiometabolic risk factors/adiposity, adjusted for confounders and meeting other guidelines.ResultsOf the 342 participants, 251 (73%) provided complete measurements. Adolescents were 12.5 ± 1.9 years (African American [37%] and white [57%], girls [54%], and overweight or obesity [48%]). Half met the sleep guideline (52%), few met the PA guideline (11%), and the top quintile was preselected as meeting the diet guideline (20%). Most met one (47%) or no guidelines (35%), and few met multiple guidelines (18%). Meeting the PA guideline was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factors and adiposity (p < .05 for all). Compared with meeting no guidelines, those who met multiple guidelines had lower cardiometabolic risk factors and adiposity (p < .05 for all).ConclusionsFew met the PA or multiple guidelines, and those not meeting guidelines were associated with adverse cardiometabolic factors and adiposity. Multidisciplinary strategies for improving multiple behaviors are needed to improve adolescent health.
| S-EPMC7263948 | biostudies-literature