Dataset Information

Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the United States during 2012-2013: variable protection by age and virus type.

ABSTRACT:

Background

During the 2012-2013 influenza season, there was cocirculation of influenza A(H3N2) and 2 influenza B lineage viruses in the United States.

Methods

Patients with acute cough illness for ?7 days were prospectively enrolled and had swab samples obtained at outpatient clinics in 5 states. Influenza vaccination dates were confirmed by medical records. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as [100% × (1 - adjusted odds ratio)] for vaccination in cases versus test-negative controls.

Results

Influenza was detected in 2307 of 6452 patients (36%); 1292 (56%) had influenza A(H3N2), 582 (25%) had influenza B/Yamagata, and 303 (13%) had influenza B/Victoria. VE was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43%-55%) overall, 39% (95% CI, 29%-47%) against influenza A(H3N2), 66% (95% CI, 58%-73%) against influenza B/Yamagata (vaccine lineage), and 51% (95% CI, 36%-63%) against influenza B/Victoria. VE against influenza A(H3N2) was highest among persons aged 50-64 years (52%; 95% CI, 33%-65%) and persons aged 6 months-8 years (51%; 95% CI, 32%-64%) and lowest among persons aged ?65 years (11%; 95% CI, -41% to 43%). In younger age groups, there was evidence of residual protection from receipt of the 2011-2012 vaccine 1 year earlier.

Conclusions

The 2012-2013 vaccines were moderately effective in most age groups. Cross-lineage protection and residual effects from prior vaccination were observed and warrant further investigation.

SUBMITTER: McLean HQ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4407759 | biostudies-literature | 2015 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the United States during 2012-2013: variable protection by age and virus type.

McLean Huong Q HQ Thompson Mark G MG Sundaram Maria E ME Kieke Burney A BA Gaglani Manjusha M Murthy Kempapura K Piedra Pedro A PA Zimmerman Richard K RK Nowalk Mary Patricia MP Raviotta Jonathan M JM Jackson Michael L ML Jackson Lisa L Ohmit Suzanne E SE Petrie Joshua G JG Monto Arnold S AS Meece Jennifer K JK Thaker Swathi N SN Clippard Jessie R JR Spencer Sarah M SM Fry Alicia M AM Belongia Edward A EA

The Journal of infectious diseases 20141118 10

<h4>Background</h4>During the 2012-2013 influenza season, there was cocirculation of influenza A(H3N2) and 2 influenza B lineage viruses in the United States.<h4>Methods</h4>Patients with acute cough illness for ≤7 days were prospectively enrolled and had swab samples obtained at outpatient clinics in 5 states. Influenza vaccination dates were confirmed by medical records. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as [100% × (1 - adjusted odds ratio)] for vaccination in cases versus test-nega ...[more]

PMID: 25406334

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Annual influenza vaccination has been recommended for persons with high-risk conditions since the 1960s. However, few estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for persons with high-risk conditions are available. METHODS:Data from the U.S. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network from 2012 to 2016 were analyzed to compare VE of standard-dose inactivated vaccines against medically-attended influenza among patients aged ?6?months with and without high-risk medical conditions. Patients with acute respiratory illness were tested for influenza by RT-PCR. Presence of high-risk conditions and vaccination status were obtained from medical records. VE by influenza virus type/subtype and age group was calculated for patients with and without high-risk conditions using the test-negative design. Interaction terms were used to test for differences in VE by high-risk conditions. RESULTS:Overall, 9643 (38%) of 25,369 patients enrolled during four influenza seasons had high-risk conditions; 2213 (23%) tested positive for influenza infection. For all ages, VE against any influenza was lower among patients with high-risk conditions (41%, 95% CI: 35-47%) than those without (48%, 95% CI: 43-52%; P-for-interaction?=?0.02). For children aged <18?years, VE against any influenza was 51% (95% CI: 39-61%) and 52% (95% CI: 39-61%) among those with and without high-risk conditions, respectively (P-for-interaction?=?0.54). For adults aged ?18?years, VE against any influenza was 38% (95% CI: 30-45%) and 44% (95% CI: 38-50%) among those with and without high-risk conditions, respectively (P-for-interaction?=?0.21). For both children aged <18 and adults aged ?18?years, VEs against illness related to influenza A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09, and influenza B virus infection were similar among those with and without high-risk conditions. CONCLUSIONS:Influenza vaccination provided protection against medically-attended influenza among patients with high-risk conditions, at levels approaching those observed among patients without high-risk conditions. Results from our analysis support recommendations of annual vaccination for patients with high-risk conditions.

Project description:BackgroundThe effectiveness of currently licensed vaccines against influenza has not been clearly established, especially among individuals at increased risk for complications from influenza. We used a test-negative approach to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalization with laboratory-confirmed influenza based on data collected from the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN).Methods and findingsThis was a multi-center, prospective, active surveillance, hospital-based epidemiological study during the 2012-2013 influenza season. Data were collected from hospitals participating in the GIHSN, including five in Spain, five in France, and four in the Russian Federation. Influenza was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. IVE against hospitalization for laboratory-confirmed influenza was estimated for adult patients targeted for vaccination and who were swabbed within 7 days of symptom onset. The overall adjusted IVE was 33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11% to 49%). Point estimates of IVE were 23% (95% CI, -26% to 53%) for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 30% (95% CI, -37% to 64%) for influenza A(H3N2), and 43% (95% CI, 17% to 60%) for influenza B/Yamagata. IVE estimates were similar in subjects <65 and ≥65 years of age (35% [95% CI, -15% to 63%] vs.31% [95% CI, 4% to 51%]). Heterogeneity in site-specific IVE estimates was high (I2 = 63.4%) for A(H1N1)pdm09 in patients ≥65 years of age. IVE estimates for influenza B/Yamagata were homogenous (I2 = 0.0%).ConclusionsThese results, which were based on data collected from the GIHSN during the 2012-2013 influenza season, showed that influenza vaccines provided low to moderate protection against hospital admission with laboratory-confirmed influenza in adults targeted for influenza vaccination. In this population, IVE estimates against A(H1N1)pdm09 were sensitive to age group and study site. Influenza vaccination was moderately effective in preventing admissions with influenza B/Yamagata for all sites and age groups.

Dataset Information

Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the United States during 2012-2013: variable protection by age and virus type.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the United States during 2012-2013: variable protection by age and virus type.

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