Dataset Information

CHOP: visualization of 'wobbling' and isolation of highly conserved regions from aligned DNA sequences.

ABSTRACT: The web software CHOP was developed to visualize the 'wobbling' in the third codon position of aligned DNA sequences. The simple features of this tool allow users to easily find regions suspected of containing coding sequences (CDSs). The program also allows visualization of the nucleotide diversity between two genomic or gene sequences by graphically plotting the percentage identity between the two sequences. CHOP can also isolate highly conserved regions within both CDSs and non-CDSs. Highly conserved regions within CDSs include the regions with lower rates of synonymous substitution in which nucleotide sequences are expected to be under strong selective pressure. CHOP is available at http://bunsei2.med.u-tokai.ac.jp:8080/~ohtsuka/cds_finding.html.

SUBMITTER: Ohtsuka M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC441586 | biostudies-literature | 2004 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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CHOP: visualization of 'wobbling' and isolation of highly conserved regions from aligned DNA sequences.

Ohtsuka Masato M Horiuchi Shohei S Kulski Jerzy K JK Kimura Minoru M Inoko Hidetoshi H

Nucleic acids research 20040701 Web Server issue

The web software CHOP was developed to visualize the 'wobbling' in the third codon position of aligned DNA sequences. The simple features of this tool allow users to easily find regions suspected of containing coding sequences (CDSs). The program also allows visualization of the nucleotide diversity between two genomic or gene sequences by graphically plotting the percentage identity between the two sequences. CHOP can also isolate highly conserved regions within both CDSs and non-CDSs. Highly c ...[more]

PMID: 15215350

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Project description:In addition to protein coding sequence, the human genome contains a significant amount of regulatory DNA, the identification of which is proving somewhat recalcitrant to both in silico and functional methods. An approach that has been used with some success is comparative sequence analysis, whereby equivalent genomic regions from different organisms are compared in order to identify both similarities and differences. In general, similarities in sequence between highly divergent organisms imply functional constraint. We have used a whole-genome comparison between humans and the pufferfish, Fugu rubripes, to identify nearly 1,400 highly conserved non-coding sequences. Given the evolutionary divergence between these species, it is likely that these sequences are found in, and furthermore are essential to, all vertebrates. Most, and possibly all, of these sequences are located in and around genes that act as developmental regulators. Some of these sequences are over 90% identical across more than 500 bases, being more highly conserved than coding sequence between these two species. Despite this, we cannot find any similar sequences in invertebrate genomes. In order to begin to functionally test this set of sequences, we have used a rapid in vivo assay system using zebrafish embryos that allows tissue-specific enhancer activity to be identified. Functional data is presented for highly conserved non-coding sequences associated with four unrelated developmental regulators (SOX21, PAX6, HLXB9, and SHH), in order to demonstrate the suitability of this screen to a wide range of genes and expression patterns. Of 25 sequence elements tested around these four genes, 23 show significant enhancer activity in one or more tissues. We have identified a set of non-coding sequences that are highly conserved throughout vertebrates. They are found in clusters across the human genome, principally around genes that are implicated in the regulation of development, including many transcription factors. These highly conserved non-coding sequences are likely to form part of the genomic circuitry that uniquely defines vertebrate development.

Dataset Information

CHOP: visualization of 'wobbling' and isolation of highly conserved regions from aligned DNA sequences.

Publications

CHOP: visualization of 'wobbling' and isolation of highly conserved regions from aligned DNA sequences.

Similar Datasets

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