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Labour productivity losses caused by premature death associated with hepatitis C in Spain.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection places a huge burden on healthcare systems. There is no study assessing the impact of HCV infection on premature deaths in Spain. The aim of this study was to estimate productivity losses because of premature deaths attributable to hepatitis C occurring in Spain during 2007-2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We use data from several sources (Registry of Deaths, Labour Force Survey and Wage Structure Survey) to develop a simulation model based on the human capital approach and to estimate the flows in labour productivity losses in the period considered. The attributable fraction method was used to estimate the numbers of deaths associated with HCV infection. Two sensitivity analyses were developed to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS:Our model shows total productivity losses attributable to HCV infection of 1054.7 million euros over the period analysed. The trend in productivity losses is decreasing over the period. This result is because of improvements in health outcomes, reflected in the reduction of the number of years of potential productive life lost. Of the total estimated losses, 18.6% were because of hepatitis C, 24.6% because of hepatocellular carcinoma, 30.1% because of cirrhosis, 15.9% because of other liver diseases and 10.7% because of HIV-HCV coinfection. CONCLUSION:The results show that premature mortality attributable to hepatitis C involves significant productivity losses. This highlights the need to extend the analysis to consider other social costs and obtain a more complete picture of the actual economic impact of hepatitis C infection.

SUBMITTER: Oliva-Moreno J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4415959 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Labour productivity losses caused by premature death associated with hepatitis C in Spain.

Oliva-Moreno Juan J Peña-Longobardo Luz M LM Alonso Sonia S Fernández-Bolaños Antonio A Gutiérrez María Luisa ML Hidalgo-Vega Álvaro Á de la Fuente Elsa E Fernández-Rodríguez Conrado M CM

European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 20150601 6

<h4>Background and aims</h4>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection places a huge burden on healthcare systems. There is no study assessing the impact of HCV infection on premature deaths in Spain. The aim of this study was to estimate productivity losses because of premature deaths attributable to hepatitis C occurring in Spain during 2007-2011.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We use data from several sources (Registry of Deaths, Labour Force Survey and Wage Structure Survey) to develop a simulation mod ...[more]

PMID: 25853930

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Project description:Labour market regulation constrains small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) ability to minimize redundant labour. However, it is often neglected that many SMEs might circumvent these constraints by accessing a business group’s internal labour market (ILM). In this study, we analyse whether SMEs with ILM access—i.e., with an increasing number of sister group companies in the same subnational region-industry—enjoy a labour productivity premium and whether this potential productivity premium depends on the bargaining power of labour. Because intra-group reallocation of redundant personnel often involves substantial changes in employment conditions, we argue that the value of ILM access might be reduced when the bargaining power of workers is high as they can oppose the reallocation or demand significant compensation. Using a panel of 119,801 European SMEs during 2011–2019 (639,675 firm-year observations), we find that SMEs with ILM access show relatively higher labour productivity. Further, our findings suggest that this productivity premium is higher in those contexts associated with lower labour bargaining power. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11187-023-00780-4. Intra-group reallocation of unused labour can enhance SME labour productivity, but its feasibility and value-adding potential depend on labour bargaining power. This article explores differences in SME labour productivity attributed to internal labour market access, that is, the flexibility to reallocate unproductive labour to other sister companies in the group network. We also analyse if any potential productivity premium associated with internal labour market access depends on the bargaining power of labour. Our statistical analysis shows a labour productivity premium associated with internal labour market access. Furthermore, it is especially significant in contexts associated with low employee bargaining power. For instance, when collective bargaining coverage is low (very low) we predict a labour productivity premium of 3.3% (4.5%) for all SMEs embedded in a network of 10 companies in the same region-industry. Thus, our study contributes to sharpening our understanding of SME productivity and the value they receive from group affiliation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11187-023-00780-4.

Project description:BackgroundIn the absence of accessible, good quality eye health services and inclusive environments, vision loss can impact individuals, households and communities in many ways, including through increased poverty, reduced quality of life and reduced employment. We aimed to estimate the annual potential productivity losses associated with reduced employment due to blindness and moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI) at a regional and global level.MethodsWe constructed a model using the most recent economic, demographic (2018) and prevalence (2020) data. Calculations were limited to the working age population (15-64 years) and presented in 2018 US Dollars purchasing power parity (ppp). Two separate models, using Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Income (GNI), were calculated to maximise comparability with previous estimates.FindingsWe found that 160.7 million people with MSVI or blindness were within the working age and estimated that the overall relative reduction in employment by people with vision loss was 30.2%. Globally, using GDP we estimated that the annual cost of potential productivity losses of MSVI and blindness was $410.7 billion ppp (range $322.1 - $518.7 billion), or 0.3% of GDP. Using GNI, overall productivity losses were estimated at $408.5 billion ppp (range $320.4 - $515.9 billion), 0.5% lower than estimates using GDP.InterpretationThese findings support the view that blindness and MSVI are associated with a large economic impact worldwide. Reducing and preventing vision loss and developing and implementing strategies to help visually impaired people to find and keep employment may result in significant productivity gains.FundingMJB is supported by the Wellcome Trust (207472/Z/17/Z). JR's appointment at the University of Auckland is funded by the Buchanan Charitable Foundation, New Zealand. The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health was supported by grants from The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust, Moorfields Eye Charity (GR001061), NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, The Wellcome Trust, Sightsavers, The Fred Hollows Foundation, The SEVA Foundation, The British Council for the Prevention of Blindness and Christian Blind Mission. The funders had no role in the design, conduct, data analysis of the study, or writing of the manuscript.

Dataset Information

Labour productivity losses caused by premature death associated with hepatitis C in Spain.

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Labour productivity losses caused by premature death associated with hepatitis C in Spain.

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