A conceptual model for culture change evaluation in nursing homes.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hartmann CW
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4421880 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Sep-Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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A conceptual model for culture change evaluation in nursing homes.
Hartmann Christine W CW Snow A Lynn AL Allen Rebecca S RS Parmelee Patricia A PA Palmer Jennifer A JA Berlowitz Dan D
Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.) 20130711 5
This article describes the development and particulars of a new, comprehensive model of nursing home culture change, the Nursing Home Integrated Model for Producing and Assessing Cultural Transformation (Nursing Home IMPACT). This model is structured into four categories, "meta constructs," "care practices," "workplace practices," and "environment of care," with multiple domains under each. It includes detailed, triangulated assessment methods capturing various stakeholder perspectives for each ...[more]
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Project description:Background and objectivesThe study aimed to: (i) describe whether culture change (CC) practice implementation related to physical environment, resident-centered care, and staff empowerment increased within the same nursing homes (NHs) over time; and (ii) identify factors associated with observed increases.Research design and methodsThis was a nationally representative panel study of 1,584 U.S. NHs surveyed in 2009/2010 and 2016/2017. Survey data were merged with administrative, NH, and market-level data. Physical environment, staff empowerment, and resident-centered care domain scores were calculated at both time points. Multivariate logistic regression models examined factors associated with domain score increases.ResultsOverall, 22% of NHs increased their physical environment scores over time, 32% their staff empowerment scores, and 44% their resident-centered care scores. However, 32%-68% of NHs with below median baseline scores improved their domain scores over time compared with only 11%-21% of NHs with baseline scores at or above the median. Overall, NHs in states with Medicaid pay-for-performance (with CC components), in community care retirement communities, with special care units and higher occupancy had significantly higher odds of increases in physical environment scores. Only baseline domain scores were associated with increases in staff empowerment and resident-centered care scores.Discussion and implicationsThis is the first nationally representative panel study to assess NH CC adoption. Many NHs increased their CC practices, though numerous others did not. While financial incentives and indicators of financial resources were associated with increase in physical environment scores, factors associated with staff empowerment and resident-centered care improvements remain unclear. Studies are needed to assess whether the observed increases in CC adoption are associated with greater quality of life and care gains for residents and whether there is a threshold effect beyond which the efficacy of additional practice implementation may be less impactful.
| S-EPMC7272786 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To examine facility-level pressure ulcer (PrU) development rates and variations in these rates after a system-wide adoption of culture change in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) nursing homes.Four-year retrospective longitudinal design.VHA facilities (N=109) representing 132 nursing homes known as community living centers (CLCs).VHA nursing home residents.PrUs were identified using fiscal year (FY) 2008-11 Minimum Data Set (MDS) data. PrU development was defined as a Stage 2 or larger PrU on an MDS assessment with no PrU on the previous assessment. A risk adjustment model was developed using 105,274 MDS observations to predict the likelihood of PrUs (c-statistic=0.72). A Bayesian hierarchical model that adjusted for differences in the precision of PrU rates from different-size facilities was used to calculate smoothed risk-adjusted (SRA) rates for each facility. The statistical significance of the trend over the 4 years was determined by examining the 95% interval estimate for the slope.Over the 4-year period, the beginning of which coincided with the VHA's system-wide adoption of culture change as a performance measure, median SRA facility PrU development rates were fairly consistent at approximately 4%. The range in SRA rates declined over the years, from a 14.8-percentage point spread to 10.1-percentage point spread. Some facilities had significantly improving SRA rates (e.g., declined steadily from 5.5% to 3.9%) and some had significantly worsening SRA rates (e.g., increased steadily from 5.1% to 7.9%). Seven sites had significantly improving rates (P<.001) that were below the median across all 4 years.A system-wide culture change implementation did not affect CLC PrU development rates, but there was significant variation in facility rates, and some facilities had sustained high performance.
| S-EPMC4719574 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose of the studyTo estimate the prevalence of culture change practice in U.S. nursing homes (NHs) and examine how state Medicaid policies may be associated with this prevalence.Design and methodsIn 2009/2010, we conducted a survey of a stratified proportionate random sample of NH directors of nursing (DONs) and administrators (NHAs) at 4,149 U.S. NHs; contact was achieved with 3,695. Cooperation rates were 62.6% for NHAs and 61.5% for DONs. Questions focused on NH (physical) environment, resident-centered care, and staff empowerment domains. Domain scores were created and validated, in part, using qualitative interviews from 64 NHAs. Other NH covariate data were from Medicare/Medicaid surveys (Online Survey, Certification and Reporting), aggregated resident assessments (Minimum Data Set), and Medicare claims. Medicaid policies studied were a state's average NH reimbursement rate and pay-for-performance (P4P) reimbursement (including and not including culture change performance measures). Multivariate generalized ordered logit regressions were used.ResultsEighty-five percent of DONs reported some culture change implementation. Controlling for NH attributes, a $10 higher Medicaid rate was associated with higher NH environment scores. Compared with NHs in non-P4P states, NHs in states with P4P including culture change performance measures had twice the likelihood of superior culture change scores across all domains, and NHs in other P4P states had superior physical environment and staff empowerment scores. Qualitative interviews supported the validity of survey results.ImplicationsChanges in Medicaid reimbursement policies may be a promising strategy for increasing culture change practice implementation. Future research examining NH culture change practice implementation pre-post P4P policy changes is recommended.
| S-EPMC4013723 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Given the dynamic nursing home (NH) industry and evolving regulatory environment, depiction of contemporary NH culture-change (person/resident-centered) care practice is of interest. Thus, we aimed to portray the 2016/2017 prevalence of NH culture change-related processes and structures and to identify factors associated with greater practice prevalence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:We administered a nationwide survey to 2142 NH Administrators at NHs previously responding to a 2009/2010 survey. Seventy-four percent of administrators (1583) responded (with no detectable nonresponse bias) enabling us to generalize (weighted) findings to US NHs. From responses, we created index scores for practice domains of resident-centered care, staff empowerment, physical environment, leadership, and family and community engagement. Facility-level covariate data came from the survey and the Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting system. Ordered logistic regression identified the factors associated with higher index scores. RESULTS:Eighty-eight percent of administrators reported some facility-level involvement in NH culture change, with higher reported involvement consistently associated with higher domain index scores. NHs performed the best (82.6/100 weighted points) on the standardized resident-centered care practices index, and had the lowest scores (54.8) on the family and community engagement index. Multivariable results indicate higher index scores in NHs with higher leadership scores and in states having Medicaid pay-for-performance with culture change-related quality measures. CONCLUSIONS:The relatively higher resident-centered care scores (compared with other domain scores) suggest an emphasis on person-centered care in many US NHs. Findings also support pay-for-performance as a potential mechanism to incentivize preferred NH practice.
| S-EPMC6345399 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study aims to describe the validation and optimization of a new instrument designed to comprehensively measure and evaluate the quality of care in nursing homes; the Quality Evaluation Questionnaires for Nursing Homes (QEQ-NH). This instrument comprises several questionnaires on the perceived quality of care for various perspectives (e.g. clients, family and professional caregivers) and covers eight themes of the national quality framework for nursing home care in the Netherlands.MethodsData were collected in six nursing homes between September 2017 and June 2018, among 359 residents, 48 family caregivers and 648 professional caregivers who completed a subgroup-specific questionnaire of the QEQ-NH. Construct and criterion validity of the three questionnaires were tested with item- and scale analyses. Content validity of the questionnaires was tested in cognitive interviews with 20 participants (7 residents, 5 family caregivers and 8 professional caregivers).ResultsPsychometric analyses confirmed the multidimensionality and reliability of the three questionnaires, and the cognitive interviews showed various possibilities for further optimization of the instrument. Construct, criterion and content validity of the three questionnaires ranged from acceptable to good. Cronbach's alphas were > .70 for almost all scales. More than half of the items were candidate for optimization according to the cognitive interviews, mainly due to clarity or knowledge problems, and the questionnaires of the QEQ-NH were optimized accordingly.ConclusionsThe Quality Evaluation Questionnaires for Nursing Homes (QEQ-NH) provide a solid basis to measure the quality of nursing home care, by covering the national quality themes and by integrating the various perspectives of all parties involved. With real-time feedback, the instrument provides the management and care teams with information to select possibilities or areas for improvement and to continuously monitor the effects of quality improvement in nursing homes.
| S-EPMC8436484 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Several efforts have been made to change management of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in nursing homes, however only few were successful. Numerous barriers to change in healthcare were identified, yet only one conceptual model is known to study their interrelationships. Unfortunately, this model does not discuss specific barriers encountered in nursing home practice. The aim of this study is to explore perceived barriers to change in the management of NPS in nursing homes and to construct a conceptual framework providing insight into the relative importance and interrelationships of these barriers when improving quality of care. METHODS:Four focus groups were conducted in different dementia special care units of one Dutch nursing home. Participants were either nursing staff, treatment staff or relatives of residents. Qualitative thematic analysis was conducted according to the five phases defined by Braun & Clarke. Finally, a conceptual framework showing the interrelations of barrier-themes was constructed using text fragments of the focus groups. RESULTS:We constructed a conceptual framework consisting of eight themes of barriers explaining the extent to which change in NPS-management can be achieved: 'organizational barriers', 'personal barriers', 'deficiency of staff knowledge', 'suboptimal communication', 'inadequate (multidisciplinary) collaboration', 'disorganization of processes', 'reactive coping' and 'differences in perception'. Addressing 'organizational barriers' and 'deficiency of staff knowledge' is a precondition for change. 'Suboptimal communication' and 'inadequate (multidisciplinary) collaboration' play a key role in the extent of change achieved via the themes 'differences in perception' and 'disorganization of processes'. Furthermore, 'personal barriers' influence all themes - except 'organizational barriers' - and may cause 'reactive coping', which in turn may lead to 'difficulties to structure processes'. CONCLUSIONS:A conceptual framework was created explaining the relationships between barriers towards achieving change focused on improving management of NPS in nursing homes. After this framework has been confirmed and refined in additional research, it can be used to study the interrelatedness of barriers to change, and to determine the importance of addressing them for achieving change in the provided care.
| S-EPMC7201759 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundResidents living in nursing homes usually have complex healthcare needs and require a comprehensive care approach to identifying and meeting their care needs. Suboptimal quality of care is reported in nursing homes and is associated with the poor health and well-being of the residents, the burden on acute care hospitals and the high costs of healthcare for the government. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that an Aged Care Clinical Mentoring Model will create and sustain evidence-based quality improvement in priority areas and will be cost-effective in nursing homes in Hunan Province, China.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial will be applied to the study. Fourteen nursing homes will be randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n?=?7) or the control group (n?=?7). Forty staff will be recruited from each nursing home and the estimated sample size will be 280 staff in each group. The intervention includes a structured, evidence-based quality improvement education program for staff to facilitate knowledge translation in evidence-based quality improvement targeting urinary incontinence, pressure injury and falls prevention. The primary outcomes are nursing homes' capacity to create and sustain quality improvement, staff perceptions of person-centered care, self-reported quality of care by residents and selected quality indicators at 12 months follow-up adjusted for baseline value. Secondary outcomes are residents' quality of life, residents' unplanned admissions to acute care hospitals, quality of care reported by staff, staff job satisfaction and staff intention to leave adjusted for baseline value. A mixed linear regression model will be adopted to compare the significant differences between groups over a 12-month period.DiscussionAlthough the Aged Care Clinical Mentoring Model has been tested as an effective model to bring positive changes in nursing homes in a high-income country, factors affecting the adaptation of the model in nursing homes in low- and middle-income countries are unknown. The carefully planned intervention protocol enables the project team to consider enablers and barriers when adapting the Model. Therefore, strategies and resources will be in place to manage challenges while demonstrating best practice in this study.Trial registrationProspectively registered via Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR-IOC-17013109 , Registered on 25 October 2017.
| S-EPMC6203281 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere is increasing interest in how culture may affect the quality of healthcare services, and previous research has shown that 'treatment culture'-of which there are three categories (resident centred, ambiguous and traditional)-in a nursing home may influence prescribing of psychoactive medications.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore and understand treatment culture in prescribing of psychoactive medications for older people with dementia in nursing homes.MethodSix nursing homes-two from each treatment culture category-participated in this study. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nursing home staff and general practitioners (GPs), which sought to determine participants' views on prescribing and administration of psychoactive medication, and their understanding of treatment culture and its potential influence on prescribing of psychoactive drugs. Following verbatim transcription, the data were analysed and themes were identified, facilitated by NVivo® and discussion within the research team.ResultsInterviews took place with five managers, seven nurses, 13 care assistants and two GPs. Four themes emerged: the characteristics of the setting, the characteristics of the individual, relationships and decision making. The characteristics of the setting were exemplified by views of the setting, daily routines and staff training. The characteristics of the individual were demonstrated by views on the personhood of residents and staff attitudes. Relationships varied between staff within and outside the home. These relationships appeared to influence decision making about prescribing of medications. The data analysis found that each home exhibited traits that were indicative of its respective assigned treatment culture.ConclusionNursing home treatment culture appeared to be influenced by four main themes. Modification of these factors may lead to a shift in culture towards a more flexible, resident-centred culture and a reduction in prescribing and use of psychoactive medication.
| S-EPMC4819472 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A decade-long grassroots movement aims to deinstitutionalize nursing home (NH) environments and individualize care. Coined "NH Culture Change" the movement is often described by its resident-centered/directed care focus. While empirical data of "culture change's" costs and benefits are limited, it is broadly viewed as beneficial and widely promoted. Still, debate abounds regarding barriers to its adoption. We used data from a Web-based survey of 1,147 long-term care specialists (including NH and other providers, consumers/advocates, state and federal government officials, university/academic, researchers/consultants, and others) to better understand factors associated with perceived barriers. Long-term care specialists view the number-one barrier to adoption differently depending on their employment, familiarity with culture change, and their underlying policy views. To promote adoption, research and broad-based educational efforts are needed to influence views and perceptions. Fundamental changes in the regulatory process together with targeted regulatory changes and payment incentives may also be needed.
| S-EPMC5555354 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveTo provide a validated Chinese-language measurement of the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture (NHSOPS) in mainland China. The primary goal is to carry out a transcultural adaptation of the NHSOPS Questionnaire into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties.DesignA psychometric evaluation study is constructed. First, the 'translation-back-translation-cultural adaptation' and the pretesting procedure were followed to introduce the NHSOPS. Second, a cross-sectional survey was used to assess the psychometric properties for the mainland China version of the NHSOPS (M-NHSOPS), and a test-retest survey was then applied.Setting and participantsThe survey was carried out among 1397 nursing home staff from 50 nursing homes in Southwest China.Outcome measuresExploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess the potential structure, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then applied. Reliability was assessed by the content validity index, Cronbach's α and the test-retest value.ResultsAmong the 1397 respondents, 1211 were included (86.7%). EFA was used, and a nine-factor structure was explored. Five factors (Cronbach's α ＞0.6) were selected into the new structure for the M-NHSOPS. Moreover, data showed that it was suitable for CFA, and convergent validity and discriminant validity were satisfactory. On the other hand, M-NHSOPS contains five dimensions and 22 items. The overall Cronbach's α value was 0.883; the values of each dimension ranged from 0.648 to 0.913. Additionally, content validity showed significant performance. Eventually, test-retest reliability was 0.892, and each dimension was 0.713, 0.809, 0.924, 0.795 and 0.859, respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionsM-NHSOPS has acceptable reliability and satisfactory validity among staff of nursing homes in Southwest China, and further verification among samples in other regions of mainland China is required.
| S-EPMC8220463 | biostudies-literature