Dataset Information

A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985-2009.

ABSTRACT: Global environmental change has influenced lake surface temperatures, a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. We assembled a database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected in situ and/or by satellites for the period 1985-2009. In addition, corresponding climatic drivers (air temperatures, solar radiation, and cloud cover) and geomorphometric characteristics (latitude, longitude, elevation, lake surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, and volume) that influence lake surface temperatures were compiled for each lake. This unique dataset offers an invaluable baseline perspective on global-scale lake thermal conditions as environmental change continues.

SUBMITTER: Sharma S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4423389 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985-2009.

Sharma Sapna S Gray Derek K DK Read Jordan S JS O'Reilly Catherine M CM Schneider Philipp P Qudrat Anam A Gries Corinna C Stefanoff Samantha S Hampton Stephanie E SE Hook Simon S Lenters John D JD Livingstone David M DM McIntyre Peter B PB Adrian Rita R Allan Mathew G MG Anneville Orlane O Arvola Lauri L Austin Jay J Bailey John J Baron Jill S JS Brookes Justin J Chen Yuwei Y Daly Robert R Dokulil Martin M Dong Bo B Ewing Kye K de Eyto Elvira E Hamilton David D Havens Karl K Haydon Shane S Hetzenauer Harald H Heneberry Jocelyne J Hetherington Amy L AL Higgins Scott N SN Hixson Eric E Izmest'eva Lyubov R LR Jones Benjamin M BM Kangur Külli K Kasprzak Peter P Köster Olivier O Kraemer Benjamin M BM Kumagai Michio M Kuusisto Esko E Leshkevich George G May Linda L MacIntyre Sally S Müller-Navarra Dörthe D Naumenko Mikhail M Noges Peeter P Noges Tiina T Niederhauser Pius P North Ryan P RP Paterson Andrew M AM Plisnier Pierre-Denis PD Rigosi Anna A Rimmer Alon A Rogora Michela M Rudstam Lars L Rusak James A JA Salmaso Nico N Samal Nihar R NR Schindler Daniel E DE Schladow Geoffrey G Schmidt Silke R SR Schultz Tracey T Silow Eugene A EA Straile Dietmar D Teubner Katrin K Verburg Piet P Voutilainen Ari A Watkinson Andrew A Weyhenmeyer Gesa A GA Williamson Craig E CE Woo Kara H KH

Scientific data 20150317

Global environmental change has influenced lake surface temperatures, a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water tempe ...[more]

PMID: 25977814

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Project description:BackgroundThe Global Terrorism Database (GTD) is an open-source database on terrorist incidents around the world since 1970, and it is maintained by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START; College Park, Maryland USA), a US Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence. The consortium reviews media reports to determine if an event meets eligibility to be categorized as a terrorism incident for entry into the database.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to characterize chemical terrorism incidents reported to the GTD and understand more about the kinds of chemical agents used, the associated morbidity and mortality, the geography of incidents, and the intended targets.MethodsChemical terrorism incidents from 1970 through 2015 were analyzed by chemical agent category, injury and fatality, geographic region, and target.ResultsDuring the study period, 156,772 terrorism incidents were reported to the GTD, of which 292 (0.19%) met the inclusion criteria for analysis as a chemical terrorism incident. The reported chemical agent categories were: unknown chemical (30.5%); corrosives (23.3%); tear gas/mace (12.3%); unspecified gas (11.6%); cyanide (8.2%); pesticides (5.5%); metals (6.5%); and nerve gas (2.1%). On average, chemical terrorism incidents resulted in 51 injuries (mean range across agents: 2.5-1,622.0) and seven deaths (mean range across agents: 0.0-224.3) per incident. Nerve gas incidents (2.1%) had the highest mean number of injuries (n = 1,622) and fatalities (n = 224) per incident. The highest number of chemical terrorism incidents occurred in South Asia (29.5%), Western Europe (16.8%), and Middle East/North Africa (13.0%). The most common targets were private citizens (19.5%), of which groups of women (22.8%) were often the specific target. Incidents targeting educational institutions often specifically targeted female students or teachers (58.1%).ConclusionsChemical terrorism incidents rarely occur; however, the use of certain chemical terrorism agents, for example nerve gas, can cause large mass-causality events that can kill or injure thousands with a single use. Certain regions of the world had higher frequency of chemical terrorism events overall, and also varied in their frequencies of the specific chemical terrorism agent used. Data suggest that morbidity and mortality vary by chemical category and by region. Results may be helpful in developing and optimizing regional chemical terrorism preparedness activities.

Dataset Information

A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985-2009.

Publications

A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985-2009.

Similar Datasets

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