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SLM produced porous titanium implant improvements for enhanced vascularization and osteoblast seeding.

ABSTRACT: To improve well-known titanium implants, pores can be used for increasing bone formation and close bone-implant interface. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) enables the production of any geometry and was used for implant production with 250-µm pore size. The used pore size supports vessel ingrowth, as bone formation is strongly dependent on fast vascularization. Additionally, proangiogenic factors promote implant vascularization. To functionalize the titanium with proangiogenic factors, polycaprolactone (PCL) coating can be used. The following proangiogenic factors were examined: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12). As different surfaces lead to different cell reactions, titanium and PCL coating were compared. The growing into the porous titanium structure of primary osteoblasts was examined by cross sections. Primary osteoblasts seeded on the different surfaces were compared using Live Cell Imaging (LCI). Cross sections showed cells had proliferated, but not migrated after seven days. Although the cell count was lower on titanium PCL implants in LCI, the cell count and cell spreading area development showed promising results for titanium PCL implants. HMGB1 showed the highest migration capacity for stimulating the endothelial cell line. Future perspective would be the incorporation of HMGB1 into PCL polymer for the realization of a slow factor release.

SUBMITTER: Matena J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4425029 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SLM produced porous titanium implant improvements for enhanced vascularization and osteoblast seeding.

Matena Julia J Petersen Svea S Gieseke Matthias M Kampmann Andreas A Teske Michael M Beyerbach Martin M Murua Escobar Hugo H Haferkamp Heinz H Gellrich Nils-Claudius NC Nolte Ingo I

International journal of molecular sciences 20150402 4

To improve well-known titanium implants, pores can be used for increasing bone formation and close bone-implant interface. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) enables the production of any geometry and was used for implant production with 250-µm pore size. The used pore size supports vessel ingrowth, as bone formation is strongly dependent on fast vascularization. Additionally, proangiogenic factors promote implant vascularization. To functionalize the titanium with proangiogenic factors, polycaprolac ...[more]

PMID: 25849656

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Project description:A critical stage during osseointegration of a titanium (Ti) implant is primary bone remodeling, which involves cross talk among osteoclast precursors, osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and osteoblasts. This phase couples the processes of bone formation and resorption. During remodeling, osteoclasts produce factors capable of regulating MSC migration and osteogenesis. Furthermore, they degrade primary bone, creating a foundation with a specific chemistry, stiffness, and morphology for osteoblasts to synthesize and calcify their matrix. MSCs and osteoblasts receiving cues from the implant surface produce factors capable of regulating osteoclasts in order to promote net new bone formation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects Ti implant surfaces have on bone remodeling. Human MSCs and normal human osteoblasts (NHOsts) were cultured separately on 15 mm grade 2 smooth PT, hydrophobic-microrough SLA, hydrophilic-microrough Ti (mSLA) (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland), or tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). After 7d, conditioned media from surface cultures were used to treat human osteoclasts for 2d. Activity was measured by fluorescence of released collagen followed by mRNA quantification. This study demonstrates that MSC and NHOst cultures are able to suppress osteoclast activity in a surface dependent manner and osteoclast mRNA levels are selectively regulated by surface treatments. The substrate-dependent regulatory effect was mitigated when MSCs were silenced for integrin subunits and when conditioned media were denatured. These results indicate that MSCs and NHOsts regulate at least two aspects of remodeling: reduced fusion of new osteoclasts and reduced activity of existing osteoclasts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE:In this study, we developed a novel in vitro model to study how microstructured and hydrophilic titanium implants impact bone remodeling for dental and orthopaedic applications. Our approach intersects biomaterials and systems physiology, revealing for the first time that implant surface properties are capable of regulating the communication among the cells involved in remodeling of primary bone during osseointegration. We believe that the basic research presented in our manuscript will provide important knowledge in our understanding of factors that impact implant success. Furthermore, it provides a solid foundation for the development of materials that enable rapid osseointegration and earlier loading times for implants in bone that has been compromised by trauma or disease.

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SLM produced porous titanium implant improvements for enhanced vascularization and osteoblast seeding.

Publications

SLM produced porous titanium implant improvements for enhanced vascularization and osteoblast seeding.

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