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Accounting for Dynamic Fluctuations across Time when Examining fMRI Test-Retest Reliability: Analysis of a Reward Paradigm in the EMBARC Study.

ABSTRACT: Longitudinal investigation of the neural correlates of reward processing in depression may represent an important step in defining effective biomarkers for antidepressant treatment outcome prediction, but the reliability of reward-related activation is not well understood. Thirty-seven healthy control participants were scanned using fMRI while performing a reward-related guessing task on two occasions, approximately one week apart. Two main contrasts were examined: right ventral striatum (VS) activation fMRI BOLD signal related to signed prediction errors (PE) and reward expectancy (RE). We also examined bilateral visual cortex activation coupled to outcome anticipation. Significant VS PE-related activity was observed at the first testing session, but at the second testing session, VS PE-related activation was significantly reduced. Conversely, significant VS RE-related activity was observed at time 2 but not time 1. Increases in VS RE-related activity from time 1 to time 2 were significantly associated with decreases in VS PE-related activity from time 1 to time 2 across participants. Intraclass correlations (ICCs) in VS were very low. By contrast, visual cortex activation had much larger ICCs, particularly in individuals with high quality data. Dynamic changes in brain activation are widely predicted, and failure to account for these changes could lead to inaccurate evaluations of the reliability of functional MRI signals. Conventional measures of reliability cannot distinguish between changes specified by algorithmic models of neural function and noisy signal. Here, we provide evidence for the former possibility: reward-related VS activations follow the pattern predicted by temporal difference models of reward learning but have low ICCs.

SUBMITTER: Chase HW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4427400 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Accounting for Dynamic Fluctuations across Time when Examining fMRI Test-Retest Reliability: Analysis of a Reward Paradigm in the EMBARC Study.

Chase Henry W HW Fournier Jay C JC Greenberg Tsafrir T Almeida Jorge R JR Stiffler Richelle R Zevallos Carlos R CR Aslam Haris H Cooper Crystal C Deckersbach Thilo T Weyandt Sarah S Adams Phillip P Toups Marisa M Carmody Tom T Oquendo Maria A MA Peltier Scott S Fava Maurizio M McGrath Patrick J PJ Weissman Myrna M Parsey Ramin R McInnis Melvin G MG Kurian Benji B Trivedi Madhukar H MH Phillips Mary L ML

PloS one 20150511 5

Longitudinal investigation of the neural correlates of reward processing in depression may represent an important step in defining effective biomarkers for antidepressant treatment outcome prediction, but the reliability of reward-related activation is not well understood. Thirty-seven healthy control participants were scanned using fMRI while performing a reward-related guessing task on two occasions, approximately one week apart. Two main contrasts were examined: right ventral striatum (VS) ac ...[more]

PMID: 25961712

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Project description:Neural correlates of decision making under risk are being increasingly utilized as biomarkers of risk for substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders, treatment outcomes, and brain development. This research relies on the basic assumption that fMRI measures of decision making represent stable, trait-like individual differences. However, reliability needs to be established for each individual construct. Here we assessed long-term test-retest reliability (TRR) of regional brain activations related to decision making under risk using the Balloon Analogue Risk Taking task (BART) and identified regions with good TRRs and familial influences, an important prerequisite for the use of fMRI measures in genetic studies. A secondary goal was to examine the factors potentially affecting fMRI TRRs in one particular risk task, including the magnitude of neural activation, data analytical approaches, different methods of defining boundaries of a region, and participant motion. For the average BOLD response, reliabilities ranged across brain regions from poor to good (ICCs of 0 to 0.8, with a mean ICC of 0.17) and highest reliabilities were observed for parietal, occipital, and temporal regions. Among the regions that were of a priori theoretical importance due to their reported associations with decision making, the activation of left anterior insula and right caudate during the decision period showed the highest reliabilities (ICCs of 0.54 and 0.63, respectively). Among the regions with highest reliabilities, the right fusiform, right rostral anterior cingulate and left superior parietal regions also showed high familiality as indicated by intrapair monozygotic twin correlations (ranging from 0.66 to 0.69). Overall, regions identified by modeling the average BOLD response to a specific event type (rather than its modulation by a parametric regressor), regions including significantly activated vertices (compared to a whole parcel), and regions with greater magnitude of task-related activations showed greater reliabilities. Participant motion had a moderate negative effect on TRR. Regions activated during decision period rather than outcome period of risky decisions showed the greatest TRR and familiality. Regions with reliable activations can be utilized as neural markers of individual differences or endophenotypes in future clinical neuroscience and genetic studies of risk-taking.

Project description:IntroductionFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to assess language and memory function as part of pre-surgical decision making in refractory epilepsy. Although language paradigms are well established, memory paradigms are not widely used in clinical practice due to a lack of evidence for robust and reliable methods. Here, we aim to investigate the clinical utility of the Home Town Walk (HTW) paradigm for personalized treatment decisions in medial temporal lobe epilepsy.MethodsA cohort of 123 consecutive patients having HTW-fMRI as part of routine MRI scans over a 7.5 year period were included in this retrospective study. Of these, 111 patients underwent repeated HTW-fMRI in two scanning sessions one to three days apart. fMRI analysis was performed at the time of the scans using clinically approved software and retrospectively validated using FSL. We assessed the test-retest within subject reliability of activations within the posterior parahippocampal gyri (pPHG) at the individual subject level.Results and discussionActivations within the pPHG region were observed for 101 patients (91%) in at least one of the fMRI sessions and for 88 patients (79%) in both fMRI sessions, with 82 patients showing overlapping unilateral or bilateral activations and 8 further patients showing overlapping activations in one of the hemispheres but not the other. Reproducibility was evaluated using metrics based on the concordance ratios for size (Rsize) and location (Roverlap) within the pPHG region, as well as the lateralization index (LI) metric to reflect the asymmetry of hemispheric activations, which is of crucial relevance to inform surgery. Test-retest reliability of visuospatial memory LIs, assessed by an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) yielded a value of 0.76, indicating excellent between session stability of memory lateralization.ConclusionThe HTW-fMRI paradigm shows reproducible activations in the medial temporal lobes of individual epilepsy patients sufficient to consistently lateralize visuospatial memory function, demonstrating the clinical utility of HTW memory fMRI and its potential for application in the pre-surgical assessment of people with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Dataset Information

Accounting for Dynamic Fluctuations across Time when Examining fMRI Test-Retest Reliability: Analysis of a Reward Paradigm in the EMBARC Study.

Publications

Accounting for Dynamic Fluctuations across Time when Examining fMRI Test-Retest Reliability: Analysis of a Reward Paradigm in the EMBARC Study.

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