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Novel innate immune functions for galectin-1: galectin-1 inhibits cell fusion by Nipah virus envelope glycoproteins and augments dendritic cell secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.

ABSTRACT: Galectin-1 (gal-1), an endogenous lectin secreted by a variety of cell types, has pleiotropic immunomodulatory functions, including regulation of lymphocyte survival and cytokine secretion in autoimmune, transplant disease, and parasitic infection models. However, the role of gal-1 in viral infections is unknown. Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe, often fatal, febrile encephalitis. The primary targets of NiV are endothelial cells. NiV infection of endothelial cells results in cell-cell fusion and syncytia formation triggered by the fusion (F) and attachment (G) envelope glycoproteins of NiV that bear glycan structures recognized by gal-1. In the present study, we report that NiV envelope-mediated cell-cell fusion is blocked by gal-1. This inhibition is specific to the Paramyxoviridae family because gal-1 did not inhibit fusion triggered by envelope glycoproteins of other viruses, including two retroviruses and a pox virus, but inhibited fusion triggered by envelope glycoproteins of the related Hendra virus and another paramyxovirus. The physiologic dimeric form of gal-1 is required for fusion inhibition because a monomeric gal-1 mutant had no inhibitory effect on cell fusion. gal-1 binds to specific N-glycans on NiV glycoproteins and aberrantly oligomerizes NiV-F and NiV-G, indicating a mechanism for fusion inhibition. gal-1 also increases dendritic cell production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, known to be protective in the setting of other viral diseases such as Ebola infections. Thus, gal-1 may have direct antiviral effects and may also augment the innate immune response against this emerging pathogen.

SUBMITTER: Levroney EL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4428613 | biostudies-literature | 2005 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Novel innate immune functions for galectin-1: galectin-1 inhibits cell fusion by Nipah virus envelope glycoproteins and augments dendritic cell secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.

Levroney Ernest L EL Aguilar Hector C HC Fulcher Jennifer A JA Kohatsu Luciana L Pace Karen E KE Pang Mabel M Gurney Kevin B KB Baum Linda G LG Lee Benhur B

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 20050701 1

Galectin-1 (gal-1), an endogenous lectin secreted by a variety of cell types, has pleiotropic immunomodulatory functions, including regulation of lymphocyte survival and cytokine secretion in autoimmune, transplant disease, and parasitic infection models. However, the role of gal-1 in viral infections is unknown. Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe, often fatal, febrile encephalitis. The primary targets of NiV are endothelial cells. NiV infection of endothelial cells res ...[more]

PMID: 15972675

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Project description:There is mounting evidence that galectin-3 is a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker associated with diverse diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity, wound healing, allergic disease, and chronic inflammation in general. Yet, whether and exactly how galectin-3 may participate in the pathogenesis of these diseases remains poorly understood. Recently, we have linked the expression of galectin-3 on the A549 epithelial cell line -an adenocarcinoma, to the activation of human basophils for the release of histamine and secretion of IL-4 and IL-13. These responses proved dependent on cell-to-cell contact, basophil expression of IgE, were inhibited by n-acetyllactosamine, and were ablated when basophils were co-cultured with A549 clones lacking galectin-3 expression. While recombinant galectin-3 failed to activate basophils when in solution, microspheres expressing this lectin did so by mimicking the responses seen when using A549 cells. Given the IgE dependency of the basophil responses, and the fact that galectin-3 is long known to bind this immunoglobulin, we hypothesize that a similar mode of activation extends to other IgE-bearing cells. To investigate this possibility, we tested epithelial cell-associated galectin-3 for its capacity to activate human dendritic cells, including the plasmacytoid and myeloid subtypes as well as monocytes, all of which bind IgE. Indeed, results indicate that epithelial cell-associated galectin-3 activated these cells for robust production of TNF-α and IL-6 and up-regulated the expression of activation markers found on dendritic cells. Moreover, many of the same parameters previously observed for basophils applied to the findings herein, including evidence that matrix-bound galectin-3 (whether on epithelial cells or microspheres) facilitates this mode of activation. In contrast, IgE expression was dispensable for these galectin-3-dependent cytokine responses, implying that this lectin activates dendritic cells (and monocytes) by binding to a glycoprotein other than this immunoglobulin. Overall, these findings further demonstrate how galectin-3 mediates immune cell activation, providing novel insight into how this lectin may promote chronic inflammation underlying the pathogenesis of many diseases.

Dataset Information

Novel innate immune functions for galectin-1: galectin-1 inhibits cell fusion by Nipah virus envelope glycoproteins and augments dendritic cell secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.

Publications

Novel innate immune functions for galectin-1: galectin-1 inhibits cell fusion by Nipah virus envelope glycoproteins and augments dendritic cell secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.

Similar Datasets

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