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Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak.

ABSTRACT: In its largest outbreak, Ebola virus disease is spreading through Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. We sequenced 99 Ebola virus genomes from 78 patients in Sierra Leone to ~2000× coverage. We observed a rapid accumulation of interhost and intrahost genetic variation, allowing us to characterize patterns of viral transmission over the initial weeks of the epidemic. This West African variant likely diverged from central African lineages around 2004, crossed from Guinea to Sierra Leone in May 2014, and has exhibited sustained human-to-human transmission subsequently, with no evidence of additional zoonotic sources. Because many of the mutations alter protein sequences and other biologically meaningful targets, they should be monitored for impact on diagnostics, vaccines, and therapies critical to outbreak response.

SUBMITTER: Gire SK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4431643 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak.

Gire Stephen K SK Goba Augustine A Andersen Kristian G KG Sealfon Rachel S G RS Park Daniel J DJ Kanneh Lansana L Jalloh Simbirie S Momoh Mambu M Fullah Mohamed M Dudas Gytis G Wohl Shirlee S Moses Lina M LM Yozwiak Nathan L NL Winnicki Sarah S Matranga Christian B CB Malboeuf Christine M CM Qu James J Gladden Adrianne D AD Schaffner Stephen F SF Yang Xiao X Jiang Pan-Pan PP Nekoui Mahan M Colubri Andres A Coomber Moinya Ruth MR Fonnie Mbalu M Moigboi Alex A Gbakie Michael M Kamara Fatima K FK Tucker Veronica V Konuwa Edwin E Saffa Sidiki S Sellu Josephine J Jalloh Abdul Azziz AA Kovoma Alice A Koninga James J Mustapha Ibrahim I Kargbo Kandeh K Foday Momoh M Yillah Mohamed M Kanneh Franklyn F Robert Willie W Massally James L B JL Chapman Sinéad B SB Bochicchio James J Murphy Cheryl C Nusbaum Chad C Young Sarah S Birren Bruce W BW Grant Donald S DS Scheiffelin John S JS Lander Eric S ES Happi Christian C Gevao Sahr M SM Gnirke Andreas A Rambaut Andrew A Garry Robert F RF Khan S Humarr SH Sabeti Pardis C PC

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20140828 6202

In its largest outbreak, Ebola virus disease is spreading through Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. We sequenced 99 Ebola virus genomes from 78 patients in Sierra Leone to ~2000× coverage. We observed a rapid accumulation of interhost and intrahost genetic variation, allowing us to characterize patterns of viral transmission over the initial weeks of the epidemic. This West African variant likely diverged from central African lineages around 2004, crossed from Guinea to Sierra Leone in ...[more]

PMID: 25214632

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Project description:BackgroundPerceived susceptibility to a disease threat (risk perception) can influence protective behaviour. This study aims to determine how exposure to information sources, knowledge and behaviours potentially influenced risk perceptions during the 2014-2015 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in Sierra Leone.MethodsThe study is based on three cross-sectional, national surveys (August 2014, n = 1413; October 2014, n = 2086; December 2014, n = 3540) that measured Ebola-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Sierra Leone. Data were pooled and composite variables were created for knowledge, misconceptions and three Ebola-specific behaviours. Risk perception was measured using a Likert-item and dichotomised into 'no risk perception' and 'some risk perception'. Exposure to five information sources was dichotomised into a binary variable for exposed and unexposed. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted to examine various associations.ResultsExposure to new media (e.g. internet) and community-level information sources (e.g. religious leaders) were positively associated with expressing risk perception. Ebola-specific knowledge and hand washing were positively associated with expressing risk perception (Adjusted OR [AOR] 1.4, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.2-1.8 and AOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.7 respectively), whereas misconceptions and avoiding burials were negatively associated with risk perception, (AOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.8 and AOR 0.8, 95% CI 06-1.0, respectively).ConclusionsOur results illustrate the complexity of how individuals perceived their Ebola acquisition risk based on the way they received information, what they knew about Ebola, and actions they took to protect themselves. Community-level information sources may help to align the public's perceived risk with their actual epidemiological risk. As part of global health security efforts, increased investments are needed for community-level engagements that allow for two-way communication during health emergencies.

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Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak.

Publications

Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak.

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