Dataset Information

Development and Application of a gp60-Based Typing Assay for Cryptosporidium viatorum.

ABSTRACT: The apicomplexan intestinal parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium take a major toll on human and animal health and are frequent causes of waterborne outbreaks. Several species and genotypes can infect humans, including Cryptosporidium viatorum, which, to date, has only been found in humans. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., critical to epidemiological analyses, is commonly based on gp60 gene analysis, which appears to require bespoke species- or group-specific PCR primers due to extensive genetic diversity across the genus. In this study, we amplified, sequenced, and characterized the gp60 gene of C. viatorum for the first time. Moreover, we developed and validated a gp60 typing assay for this species and applied it to 27 isolates originating from Asia, Africa, and Central America. A single subtype family, XVa, was identified containing multiple alleles.

SUBMITTER: Stensvold CR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4432048 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development and Application of a gp60-Based Typing Assay for Cryptosporidium viatorum.

Stensvold C R CR Elwin K K Winiecka-Krusnell J J Chalmers R M RM Xiao L L Lebbad M M

Journal of clinical microbiology 20150401 6

The apicomplexan intestinal parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium take a major toll on human and animal health and are frequent causes of waterborne outbreaks. Several species and genotypes can infect humans, including Cryptosporidium viatorum, which, to date, has only been found in humans. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., critical to epidemiological analyses, is commonly based on gp60 gene analysis, which appears to require bespoke species- or group-specific PCR primers due ...[more]

PMID: 25832304

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Project description:Candida tropicalis is a clinically important yeast that causes candidemia in humans with a high mortality rate. The yeast primarily infects immunocompromised patients, and causes outbreaks in health care facilities. Antifungal resistant isolates have been reported. We developed a short tandem repeat (STR) typing scheme for C. tropicalis to enable fast, cost-effective, and high-resolution genotyping. For the development of the typing scheme, 6 novel STR markers were selected, combined into 2 multiplex PCRs. In total, 117 C. tropicalis isolates were typed, resulting in the identification of 104 different genotypes. Subsequently, the outcome of STR typing of 10 isolates was compared to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling from whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Isolates with more than 111 SNPs were differentiated by the typing assay. Two isolates, which were identical according to SNP analysis, were separated by STR typing in 1 marker. To test specificity, the STR typing was applied to 15 related yeast species, and we found no amplification of these targets. For reproducibility testing, 2 isolates were independently typed five times, which showed identical results in each experiment. In summary, we developed a reliable and multiplex STR genotyping for C. tropicalis, which was found to correlate well to SNP calling by WGS. WGS analysis from and extensive collection of isolates is required to establish the precise resolution of this STR assay. IMPORTANCE Candida tropicalis frequently causes candidemia in immunocompromised patients. C. tropicalis infections have a high mortality rate, and the yeast is able to cause outbreaks in health care facilities. Further, antifungal resistant isolates are on the rise. Genotyping is necessary to investigate potential outbreaks. Here, we developed and applied a STR genotyping scheme in order to rapidly genotype isolates with a high-resolution. WGS SNP outcomes were highly comparable with STR typing results. Altogether, we developed a rapid, high-resolution, and specific STR genotyping scheme for C. tropicalis.

Project description:BackgroundA low genetic diversity in Francisella tularensis has been documented. Current DNA based genotyping methods for typing F. tularensis offer a limited and varying degree of subspecies, clade and strain level discrimination power. Whole genome sequencing is the most accurate and reliable method to identify, type and determine phylogenetic relationships among strains of a species. However, lower cost typing schemes are necessary in order to enable typing of hundreds or even thousands of isolates.ResultsWe have generated a high-resolution phylogenetic tree from 40 Francisella isolates, including 13 F. tularensis subspecies holarctica (type B) strains, 26 F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) strains and a single F. novicida strain. The tree was generated from global multi-strain single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected using a set of six Affymetrix GeneChip resequencing arrays with the non-repetitive portion of LVS (type B) as the reference sequence complemented with unique sequences of SCHU S4 (type A). Global SNP based phylogenetic clustering was able to resolve all non-related strains. The phylogenetic tree was used to guide the selection of informative SNPs specific to major nodes in the tree for development of a genotyping assay for identification of F. tularensis subspecies and clades. We designed and validated an assay that uses these SNPs to accurately genotype 39 additional F. tularensis strains as type A (A1, A2, A1a or A1b) or type B (B1 or B2).ConclusionWhole-genome SNP based clustering was shown to accurately identify SNPs for differentiation of F. tularensis subspecies and clades, emphasizing the potential power and utility of this methodology for selecting SNPs for typing of F. tularensis to the strain level. Additionally, whole genome sequence based SNP information gained from a representative population of strains may be used to perform evolutionary or phylogenetic comparisons of strains, or selection of unique strains for whole-genome sequencing projects.

Dataset Information

Development and Application of a gp60-Based Typing Assay for Cryptosporidium viatorum.

Publications

Development and Application of a gp60-Based Typing Assay for Cryptosporidium viatorum.

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