Dataset Information

Effective Swimmer's Action during the Grab Start Technique.

ABSTRACT: The external forces applied in swimming starts have been often studied, but using direct analysis and simple interpretation data processes. This study aimed to develop a tool for vertical and horizontal force assessment based on the swimmers' propulsive and structural forces (passive forces due to dead weight) applied during the block phase. Four methodological pathways were followed: the experimented fall of a rigid body, the swimmers' inertia effect, the development of a mathematical model to describe the outcome of the rigid body fall and its generalization to include the effects of the inertia, and the experimental swimmers' starting protocol analysed with the inclusion of the developed mathematical tool. The first three methodological steps resulted in the description and computation of the passive force components. At the fourth step, six well-trained swimmers performed three 15 m maximal grab start trials and three-dimensional (3D) kinetic data were obtained using a six degrees of freedom force plate. The passive force contribution to the start performance obtained from the model was subtracted from the experimental force due to the swimmers resulting in the swimmers' active forces. As expected, the swimmers' vertical and horizontal active forces accounted for the maximum variability contribution of the experimental forces. It was found that the active force profile for the vertical and horizontal components resembled one another. These findings should be considered in clarifying the active swimmers' force variability and the respective geometrical profile as indicators to redefine steering strategies.

SUBMITTER: Mourao L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4433328 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effective Swimmer's Action during the Grab Start Technique.

Mourão Luis L de Jesus Karla K Roesler Hélio H Machado Leandro J LJ Fernandes Ricardo J RJ Vilas-Boas João Paulo JP Vaz Mário A P MA

PloS one 20150515 5

The external forces applied in swimming starts have been often studied, but using direct analysis and simple interpretation data processes. This study aimed to develop a tool for vertical and horizontal force assessment based on the swimmers' propulsive and structural forces (passive forces due to dead weight) applied during the block phase. Four methodological pathways were followed: the experimented fall of a rigid body, the swimmers' inertia effect, the development of a mathematical model to ...[more]

PMID: 25978370

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Project description:BackgroundThe aim of this study is to compare the results of stop-start technique with stop-start technique together with sphincter control training applied in the treatment of premature ejaculation.MethodsThis research was conducted as a pre-test post-test quasi-experimental study. The sample of the study consisted of 80 men. The study was conducted on men who applied to the urology outpatient clinic of LIV Hospital, a prıvate hospital, in Gaziantep, Turkey, between 01 October 2021 and 01 March 2022. "Personal Information Form", "Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time (IELT)", "Fold Increase Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time (F-IELT)" "Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) Questionnaire" and "Arabic Index Premature Ejaculation (AIPE)" were used as the data collection tools. Behavioral therapy, consisting of a total of 6 sessions, was applied once every two weeks, with each session lasting for 45 minutes. After 3rd and 6th months from the beginning of the application, the data collection tools were applied again. "Stop-Start Technique (Group A)" and "Stop-Start Technique and Sphincter Control Training (Group B)" were used in the treatment.ResultsIn both groups, the IELT and AIPE values after 3rd and 6th months from the beginning of the application were statistically higher than those obtained before (p<0.05). IELT and AIPE values increased more in Group B than Group A (p<0.05). F-IELT values after 6th months from the beginning of the application were found to be statistically significant with a low level of effect size than those obtained before (p<0.05, Cohen's d = 0.027). In both groups, the PEDT values in the 3rd and 6th months after the application were statistically lower than those seen before (p<0.05). PEDT value decreased more in Group B than Group A (p<0.05). The differences between the two groups' IELT (Cohen's d = 0.011), AIPE (Cohen's d = 0.044), and PEDT (Cohen's d = 0.066) values in the 3rd month after the application and IELT (Cohen's d = 0.025), AIPE (Cohen's d = 0.048), and PEDT (Cohen's d = 0.024) values in the 6th month after the application were found to be clinically weak.ConclusionsIt was determined that the stop-start technique given to men with premature ejaculation increased the time spent in the vagina and eliminated the problem of premature ejaculation. It was determined that the stop-start technique in combination with sphincter control training were more effective than the stop-start technique alone.

Project description:Purpose:To determine the cost-effectiveness of knotted (KT) versus knotless (KL) methods for rotator cuff surgical repair and to assess differences in patients' outcomes. Methods:We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair at 1 institution by 1 surgeon over 2 6-month periods of time (KT technique from August 1, 2013, through January 31, 2014; and KL technique from December 1, 2014, through May 31, 2015) to calculate the direct and indirect costs associated with arthroscopic KT or KL suture bridge rotator cuff repair. Patient demographics, number of anchors used, tendons repaired, procedure time, operative time, and clinical results were also evaluated. We used univariate generalized linear models with a Gaussian distribution for assessment scores and total and implant cost data. Results:We identified 87 patients for inclusion during the 2 time frames (35 KT, 54 KL). After excluding patients for tear size < 4 cm2 (n = 42), ? 3 anchors (n = 5), revision surgery (n = 1), and those in whom additional procedures were performed (n = 2), 37 eligible subjects remained (nKT = 15, nKL = 22). Median implant costs were statistically significantly higher in the KL group than in the KT group (MKL = $2,127, MKT = $1,520, ? = 413.7, 95% CI: 242.8, 584.6, P < .01), and more anchors were used in the KL group, with KT requiring a median of 4 anchors (IQR: 4, 5) and KL requiring a median of 5 anchors (IQR: 5, 5, P = .02). Procedure time was cut in half with KL repair (estimated 43.5 minutes) versus KT repair (80 minutes) (? = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4, 0.6, P < .001). Operating room time also was reduced by approximately 40% (79.5 minutes for KL; 121 minutes for KT [? = 0.6, CI: 0.6, 0.7, P < .001]). Once operating room costs were considered, median costs were found to be significantly lower in the KL group (MKL = $3788.40, MKT = $4262.90, ? = -492.1, 95% CI: -840.0, -144.1, P < .01). No statistically significant differences were found between groups in mean preoperative, postoperative or postpreoperative differences in the visual analog scale, Simple Shoulder Test, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, or University of California at Los Angeles scores (P > 0.05 for all). Conclusions:Despite using more anchors and incurring higher implant costs, the KL technique for rotator cuff repair required less surgical procedure time and cost less overall than the KT technique and resulted in equivalent clinical results. Level of Evidence:Level IV Economic and Decision Analyses.

Dataset Information

Effective Swimmer's Action during the Grab Start Technique.

Publications

Effective Swimmer's Action during the Grab Start Technique.

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