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Relationship between outdoor temperature and blood pressure.

ABSTRACT: Cardiovascular mortality has been linked to changes in outdoor temperature. However, the mechanisms behind these effects are not well established. We aimed to study the effect of outdoor temperature on blood pressure, as increased blood pressure is a risk factor for cardiovascular death.The study population consisted of men aged 53-100 years living in the Boston area. We used a mixed effects model to estimate the effect of three temperature variables: ambient, apparent and dew point temperature (DPT), on repeated measures (every 3-5 years) of diastolic (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Random intercepts for subjects and several possible confounders were used in the models, including black carbon and barometric pressure.We found modest associations between DBP and ambient and apparent temperature. In the basic models, DBP in association with a 5 °C decrease in 7-day moving averages of temperatures increased by 1.01% (95% CI -0.06% to 2.09%) and 1.55% (95% CI 0.61% to 2.49%) for ambient and apparent temperature, respectively. Excluding extreme temperatures strengthened these associations (2.13%, 95% CI 0.66% to 3.63%, and 1.65%, 95% CI 0.41% to 2.90%, for ambient and apparent temperature, respectively). Effect estimates for DPT were close to null. The effect of apparent temperature on SBP was similar (1.30% increase (95% CI 0.32% to 2.29%) for a 5 °C decrease in 7-day moving average).Cumulative exposure to decreasing ambient and apparent temperature may increase blood pressure. These findings suggest that an increase in blood pressure could be a mechanism behind cold-related, but not heat-related, cardiovascular mortality.

SUBMITTER: Halonen JI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4437584 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Relationship between outdoor temperature and blood pressure.

Halonen Jaana I JI Zanobetti Antonella A Sparrow David D Vokonas Pantel S PS Schwartz Joel J

Occupational and environmental medicine 20100923 4

<h4>Objectives</h4>Cardiovascular mortality has been linked to changes in outdoor temperature. However, the mechanisms behind these effects are not well established. We aimed to study the effect of outdoor temperature on blood pressure, as increased blood pressure is a risk factor for cardiovascular death.<h4>Methods</h4>The study population consisted of men aged 53-100 years living in the Boston area. We used a mixed effects model to estimate the effect of three temperature variables: ambient, ...[more]

PMID: 20864465

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Project description:Hypertension is common in hemodialysis patients; however, the relationship between interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and blood pressure (BP) is incompletely characterized. This study seeks to define the relationship between IDWG and BP in prevalent hemodialysis subjects.This study used data from 32,295 dialysis sessions in 442 subjects followed up for 6 months in the Crit-Line Intradialytic Monitoring Benefit (CLIMB) Study.Mixed linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between percentage of IDWG (IDWG [%] = [current predialysis weight - previous postdialysis weight]/dry weight * 100) as the independent variable and systolic BP (SBP) and predialysis - postdialysis SBP (deltaSBP) as dependent variables.In unadjusted analyses, every 1% increase in percentage of IDWG was associated with a 1.00 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], +/-0.24) increase in predialysis SBP (P < 0.0001), 0.65 mm Hg (95% CI, +/-0.24) decrease in postdialysis SBP (P < 0.0001), and 1.66 mm Hg (95% CI, +/-0.25) increase in deltaSBP (P < 0.0001). After controlling for other significant predictors of SBP, every 1% increase in percentage of IDWG was associated with a 1.00 mm Hg (95% CI, +/-0.24) increase in predialysis SBP (P < 0.0001) and a 1.08 mm Hg (95% CI, +/-0.22) increase in deltaSBP with hemodialysis (P < 0.0001). However, in subjects with diabetes as the cause of end-stage renal disease, subjects with lower creatinine levels, and older subjects, the magnitude of the association between percentage of IDWG and predialysis SBP was less pronounced. The magnitude of percentage of IDWG on deltaSBP was less pronounced in younger subjects and subjects with lower dry weights. Results were similar with diastolic BP.Hemodialysis BP measurements are imprecise estimates of BP and true hemodynamic burden in dialysis subjects.In prevalent hemodialysis subjects, increasing percentage of IDWG is associated with increases in predialysis BP and BP changes with hemodialysis; however, the magnitude of the relationship is modest and modified by other clinical factors. Thus, although overall volume status may impact on BP to a greater extent, day-to-day variations in weight gain have a modest role in BP increases in prevalent subjects with end-stage renal disease.

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Relationship between outdoor temperature and blood pressure.

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Relationship between outdoor temperature and blood pressure.

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