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The prevalence of infections and patient risk factors in home health care: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT: Home health care (HHC) has been the fastest growing health care sector for the past 3 decades. The uncontrolled home environment, increased use of indwelling devices, and the complexity of illnesses among HHC patients lead to increased risk for infections.A systematic review of studies evaluating infection prevalence and risk factors among adult patients who received HHC services was conducted and guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Literature was searched using Medline, PubMed, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health as well as hand searching. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality using validated quality assessment checklists.Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The infection rates and identified risk factors for infections varied dramatically between studies. In general, patients receiving home parental nutrition treatments had higher infection rates than patients receiving home infusion therapy. The identified risk factors were limited by small sample sizes and other methodologic flaws.Establishing a surveillance system for HHC infections, identifying patients at high risk for infections, tailoring HHC and patient education based on patient living conditions, and facilitating communication between different health care facilities will enhance infection control in HHC settings. Future studies should use a nationally representative sample and multivariate analysis for the identification of risk factors for infections.

SUBMITTER: Shang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4438760 | biostudies-literature | 2014 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The prevalence of infections and patient risk factors in home health care: a systematic review.

Shang Jingjing J Ma Chenjuan C Poghosyan Lusine L Dowding Dawn D Stone Patricia P

American journal of infection control 20140320 5

<h4>Background</h4>Home health care (HHC) has been the fastest growing health care sector for the past 3 decades. The uncontrolled home environment, increased use of indwelling devices, and the complexity of illnesses among HHC patients lead to increased risk for infections.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic review of studies evaluating infection prevalence and risk factors among adult patients who received HHC services was conducted and guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews a ...[more]

PMID: 24656786

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Project description:BackgroundAdult chronic heart failure mainly affects an elderly population with multiple comorbidities that often require frequent medical visits to prevent poor health outcomes. However, the heart failure disease process reduces their independence by reducing mobility, exercise tolerance, and cognitive decline. Remote care technologies can bridge the gap in care for these patients by allowing them to be followed up within the comfort of their home and encourage their self-care. However, patients, carers, and health care professionals need to engage with the technology for it to be useful.ObjectiveThis systematic review explores qualitative primary studies of remote care technologies used in heart failure, to determine the factors that affect user engagement with the technology. This is explored from the perspective of patients, carers, and health care professionals.MethodsRelevant studies published between January 1, 1990, and September 19, 2020, were identified from EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. These studies were then synthesized using thematic analysis. Relevant user experiences with remote care were extracted using line-by-line coding. These codes were summarized into secondary codes and core concepts, which were further merged into overarching themes that encapsulate user experience with remote care.ResultsThe review included 47 studies, which led to the generation of 5 overarching themes that affect engagement: (1) "Convenience" relates to time saved by the intervention; (2) "Clinical Care" relates to perceived quality of care and health outcomes; (3) "Communication" involves feedback and interaction between patients, staff, and carers; (4) "Education" concerns the tailored information provided; and (5) "Ease of Use" relates to accessibility and technical barriers to engagement. Each theme was applied to each user base of patient, carer, and health care professional in a different manner.ConclusionsThe 5 themes identified highlight aspects of remote care that facilitate engagement, and should be considered in both future design and trials evaluating these technologies.

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Project description:Introduction Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common clinical problem that comprises 1–6% of medical referrals and includes urinary tract, bladder, and kidney infections. UTI is the most commonly occurring infectious disease in diabetic patients. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods The online libraries of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct, were searched. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA statistical software (v. 16). Forest plots, Begg’s rank test, and Egger’s regression test were all used to check for publication bias. To look for heterogeneity, I2 was computed, and an overall estimated analysis was carried out. Subgroup analysis was done by region, and publication year. Meta-regression analysis using study-level covariates as predictors of study-level estimates to explore the determinants of potential heterogeneity in our pooled estimates. The pooled odds ratio for related covariates was also calculated. Results Out of 1128 studies assessed, 14 met our criteria and were included in the study. A total of 3773 people were included in the study. The prevalence of urinary tract infection was estimated to be 15.97% (95% CI: 12.72–19.23). According to subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was observed in the SNNP region (19.21%) and studies conducted in and after 2018 (17.98%). Being female (AOR = 3.77; 95% CI: 1.88, 5.65), being illiterate (AOR = 5.29; 95% CI: 1.98, 8.61), prior urinary tract infection history (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI: 2.16–3.92) were the predictor of urinary tract infection. Conclusion The prevalence of urinary tract infections was high in Ethiopia. Female gender, illiteracy, and prior UTI history were associated with urinary tract infections. Since UTIs in diabetic patients has serious medical and public health consequence, screening of UTIs in diabetic patients and early initiation of treatment should become a public health priority.

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Dataset Information

The prevalence of infections and patient risk factors in home health care: a systematic review.

Publications

The prevalence of infections and patient risk factors in home health care: a systematic review.

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