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Clinico-pathological association of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis and IgA nephropathy in children.

ABSTRACT: Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are similar syndromes. We aimed to determine whether the crescent formation/immunocomplex in glomeruli is associated with the differences of the biochemical indexes between HSPN and IgAN.We investigated the medical records of 137 HSPN cases and 41 IgAN cases from January 2009 to April 2014 in Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The clinical and pathological data were analyzed and compared between HSPN and IgAN.HSPN patients had markedly higher levels of blood white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobulin (Hb) and platelet (PLT), lower levels of hematuria, blood nitrogen (BUN) and C4 compared with IgAN cases. Crescents formation and C3 deposition in the kidney did not affect these differences. Significantly lower levels of hematuria, blood IgG, IgM and C4 in HSPN compared with IgAN cases were observed among patients with IgG deposition. Markedly higher levels of WBC and Hb, lower levels of hematuria, creatinine (Cr), C4 in HSPN compared with IgAN cases were observed among patients with IgM deposition. No marked differences of the biochemical indexes were noted between HSPN and IgAN cases among patients with C1q deposition. Markedly higher levels of WBC and Hb, lower level of blood C4 in HSPN compared with IgAN cases were observed among patients with fibrogen deposition.The different levels of biochemical indexes at presentation between HSPN and IgAN may be associated with the deposition of IgG, IgM, C1q and fibrogen in the kidney.

SUBMITTER: Mao S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4440049 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Clinico-pathological association of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis and IgA nephropathy in children.

Mao Song S Xuan Xiaoyan X Sha Yugen Y Zhao Sanlong S Zhu Chunhua C Zhang Aihua A Huang Songming S

International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 20150301 3

<h4>Objective</h4>Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are similar syndromes. We aimed to determine whether the crescent formation/immunocomplex in glomeruli is associated with the differences of the biochemical indexes between HSPN and IgAN.<h4>Methods</h4>We investigated the medical records of 137 HSPN cases and 41 IgAN cases from January 2009 to April 2014 in Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The clinical and pathological data were anal ...[more]

PMID: 26045740

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Project description:ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to identify whether left renal vein (LRV) entrapment was more prevalent in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) compared with other types of renal diseases, and the association of LRV entrapment with glomerular incidental IgA and galactose-deficient-IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) deposition.MethodsA total of 797 patients with biopsy-proven kidney diseases have been screened for LRV entrapment by color Doppler ultrasound, and the prevalence of LRV entrapment in different types of renal diseases were then analyzed. Propensity score matching analysis was used to adjust for age, gender, and body mass index. Immunostaining of Gd-IgA1 with KM55 was performed in paraffin-embedded sections of renal biopsy specimens.ResultsLRV entrapment was diagnosed in 47 patients (6%) with several kinds of renal diseases in our cohort. A total of 32 (68%) LRV entrapments were combined with expanded IgAN (idiopathic IgAN and HSPN). The prevalence of LRV entrapment in expanded IgAN was significantly higher than that in non-expanded IgAN (17 vs. 2%, p < 0.001), even after adjustment for age, gender, and body mass index by propensity score matching analysis (13 vs. 2%, p < 0.001). Removing expanded IgAN and LN, glomerular incidental IgA deposition was observed to be significantly more common in patients with LRV entrapment compared with patients without it (43 vs. 9%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, in glomerular diseases with incidental IgA deposits, significantly much larger proportion of patients with LRV entrapment were positive for glomerular Gd-IgA1 in contrast to patients without LRV entrapment (5/5 vs. 5/17, p = 0.01).ConclusionsLRV entrapment coexisted with several kinds of renal diseases, with a significantly higher prevalence in patients with idiopathic IgAN and HSPN. In patients of LN and IgAN-unrelated disease with LRV entrapment, glomerular IgA and Gd-IgA1 deposition was more common compared with patients without LRV entrapment.

Project description:IntroductionRecent studies noted that Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) share the feature of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1)-oriented pathogenesis, although there are distinct clinical differences. We aimed to clarify the clinicopathologic differences between these 2 diseases.MethodsWe cross-sectionally analyzed adult patients with HSPN (n = 24) or IgAN (n = 56) who underwent renal biopsy (RB) between 2008 and 2018 at Showa University Hospital. Serum Gd-IgA1 (s-Gd-IgA1) levels at the time of RB were compared among study groups using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with anti-human Gd-IgA1-specific monoclonal antibody (KM55). We also immunohistochemically stained paraffin-embedded sections for glomerular Gd-IgA1 (g-Gd-IgA1)-deposition using KM55. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA.ResultsGlomerular endothelial injury with subendothelial IgA deposition was significant in patients with HSPN. Serum IL-8, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with HSPN than IgAN. Levels of s-Gd-IgA1 were comparable among patients with HSPN and IgAN, and a similar degree of g-Gd-IgA1-deposition was detected in both diseases. Furthermore, g-Gd-IgA1-deposition was evident in patients with histopathologically advanced HSPN or IgAN. In HSPN, significant positive correlations between s-Gd-IgA1 levels and crescent formation or IL-6 elevation were confirmed, and g-Gd-IgA1 intensity showed a significant positive correlation with MCP-1 and a tendency to positively correlate with IL-8. Meanwhile, patients with IgAN showed no correlation between inflammatory cytokines and both-Gd-IgA1. Moreover, most g-Gd-IgA1-positive areas were not double stained with CD31 in HSPN.ConclusionsAlthough assessing both-Gd-IgA1 alone was insufficient to distinguish between HSPN and IgAN, patients with HSPN showed considerable glomerular capillaritis with subendothelial IgA deposition and significant elevation of serum inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, such glomerular subendothelial IgA deposition might not contain Gd-IgA1, and factors associated with Gd-IgA1 were inconsistent among these 2 diseases. Thus, developmental mechanisms for IgAN might not apply to HSPN completely, and these 2 diseases still have different aspects.

Project description:BackgroundIgA vasculitis (IgAV) is a small vessel vasculitis that is more common in childhood. Very limited evidence exists on patients who experience an atypical disease course. The aim of this study was to describe a cohort of children diagnosed with recurrent or persisting IgAV to identify any themes associated with their disease course and areas of unmet needs.MethodsA single centre retrospective study of children diagnosed with recurrent or persisting IgAV at Alder Hey Children's Hospital (Liverpool, UK). Clinical data, including features at presentation and during follow up, potential triggers, abnormal laboratory and histology results, treatment and outcome at last clinical review were retrospectively collected. Key themes were identified.ResultsA total of 13 children met the inclusion criteria (recurrent disease, n = 4; persisting disease, n = 9). Median age at first presentation was 10.2 years [2.6-15.5], female:male ratio 1.2:1. Children in the atypical cohort were significantly older than a larger cohort of children who followed a non-complicated disease course (median age 5.5 years (range [0.6-16.7], p = 0.003)). All children re-presented with a purpuric rash (either recurring or persisting), accompanied by joint involvement in 92% of patients (12/13). Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were used in 8/13 (62%) children. The median time from first presentation to diagnosis of atypical disease was 18.4 months [5.3-150.8] and the time from first presentation to treatment was 24.1 months [1.8-95.4]. Use of corticosteroids was significantly higher in children with renal involvement (p = 0.026). During follow up, 8/13 (62%) children were admitted at least once, whilst 10/13 (77%) had re-presented at least once to the emergency department. Five (38%) children were referred to psychology services and 7 (54%) children reported feelings of frustration.ConclusionsThis series describes some characteristics of a small cohort of children with atypical IgAV. It also identifies unmet needs in children with atypical IgAV, which includes delays in diagnosis and lengthy waits for treatment, lack of high-quality evidence regarding treatment choices and a high unrecognised disease burden. Further research is needed to study this subgroup of children as evidence is lacking.

Dataset Information

Clinico-pathological association of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis and IgA nephropathy in children.

Publications

Clinico-pathological association of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis and IgA nephropathy in children.

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