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Garlic (A. sativum L.) alliinase gene family polymorphism reflects bolting types and cysteine sulphoxides content.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Alliinase is an important enzyme occurring in Allium species that converts precursors of sulfuric compounds, cysteine sulfoxides into a biologically active substance termed allicin. Allicin facilitates garlic defense against pests and produces health-promoting compounds. Alliinase is encoded by members of a multigene family that has not yet been sufficiently characterized, namely with regard to the copy numbers occurring within the genome and the polymorphisms among the family members. RESULTS:We cloned 45 full-length alliinase amplicons of cultivar (cv.) Jovan. Sequence analyses revealed nine different sequence variants (SVs), confirming the multilocus nature of this gene family. Several mutations in exons, mainly occurring in the first exon coding for vacuolar signal peptide, were found. These results enabled us to identify sequences with putatively modified vacuole-targeting abilities. We found additional sequence variants using partial amplicons. We estimated that the minimum number of gene copies in the diploid genome of the investigated cultivar was fourteen. We obtained similar results for another three cultivars, which differed in bolting type and place of origin. The further identification of high degree of polymorphisms in the intron regions allowed us to develop a specific polymerase chain reaction assay capable to capture intron length polymorphism (ILP). This assay was used to screen 131 additional accessions. Polymorphic data were used for cluster analysis, which separated the bolting and non-bolting garlic types and those with high cysteine-sulfoxide contents in a similar way as AFLP analysis in previous study. These newly developed markers can be further applied for the selection of desirable garlic genotypes. CONCLUSIONS:Detailed analysis of sequences confirmed multigenic nature of garlic alliinase. Intron and exon polymorphism analysis generated similar results as whole genome variability assessed previously by AFLP. Detected polymorphism is thus also associated with cysteine-sulphoxide content in individual genotypes. ILP markers capable to detect intron polymorphisms were newly developed. Developed markers could be applied in garlic breeding. Higher genetic variability found in bolting genotypes may indicates longer period of their sexual propagation in comparison with nonbolting genotypes.

SUBMITTER: Ovesna J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4440563 | biostudies-literature | 2015 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Garlic (A. sativum L.) alliinase gene family polymorphism reflects bolting types and cysteine sulphoxides content.

Ovesná Jaroslava J Mitrová Katarína K Kučera Ladislav L

BMC genetics 20150522

<h4>Background</h4>Alliinase is an important enzyme occurring in Allium species that converts precursors of sulfuric compounds, cysteine sulfoxides into a biologically active substance termed allicin. Allicin facilitates garlic defense against pests and produces health-promoting compounds. Alliinase is encoded by members of a multigene family that has not yet been sufficiently characterized, namely with regard to the copy numbers occurring within the genome and the polymorphisms among the family ...[more]

PMID: 25997498

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Project description:This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and photoperiod treatments on the bolting and bulb formation of three local garlic cultivars (cvs) in two consecutive years. Naturally vernalized plants of cvs G107, G025 and G064 were transplanted into growth chambers and subjected to various combinations of temperature [T15/10, 15°C/10°C; T20/15, 20°C/15°C and T25/18, 25°C/18°C (day/night)] and photoperiod (L8, 8?h and L14,14?h) treatments. Plant growth, endogenous phytohormone and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) levels, along with the bolting and yield of garlic were evaluated. The experimental results from two consecutive years indicated that higher temperature (20°C or 25°C) and longer photoperiod (14?h) treatments significantly enhanced the garlic bolting, bulbing and cloving with a shorter growth period and a higher bulb weight. Moreover, the endogenous phytohormone and MeJA levels in the test plants were significantly increased by the higher temperature (25°C for the phytohormone level; 20°C for the MeJA level) and longer photoperiod [14?h, except for abscisic acid (ABA), which had the highest level at 8?h] conditions and were decreased by the lowest test temperature (15°C) and shorter photoperiod (8?h, except for ABA) conditions. This response coincided with that of the bulbing index, bolting rate, growth period and bulb weight. In addition, plants treated under the conditions of 20°C/15°C-14?h and 25°C/18°C-14?h produced the highest phytohormone levels (except for ABA) for cvs G025 and G064, respectively, and showed the best bolting and bulbing behavior. It is reasonable to assume that endogenous phytohormone (especially gibberellic acid) and MeJA levels are highly related to garlic bolting and bulbing, which might lead to the different responses of the three studied cultivars to the combination of temperature and photoperiod treatments. Furthermore, cvs G107 and G025 bolt well and have better bulb formation under 20°C-14?h conditions, while the conditions of 25°C-14?h are critical for the bolting and bulbing of cv. G064.

Dataset Information

Garlic (A. sativum L.) alliinase gene family polymorphism reflects bolting types and cysteine sulphoxides content.

Publications

Garlic (A. sativum L.) alliinase gene family polymorphism reflects bolting types and cysteine sulphoxides content.

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