Prenatal Supplementation with Docosahexaenoic Acid Has No Effect on Growth through 60 Months of Age.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Gonzalez-Casanova I
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4442112 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Little is known about the long-term effects of DHA intake during pregnancy. Offspring of primagravid Mexican women who received 400 mg/d DHA from wk 20 of gestation through delivery were heavier and had larger head circumferences at birth than children whose mothers received placebo; no effect was observed in offspring of multigravidae. We have followed these children (n = 739; 76% of the birth cohort), measuring length, weight, and head circumference at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 mo. At 18 mo, intent-to-treat differences between placebo and DHA, adjusted for maternal height and child sex and age at measurement, were: length, -0.21 cm (95% CI = -0.58, 0.15); weight, -0.03 kg (95% CI =-0.19, 0.13); and head circumference, 0.02 cm (95% CI = -0.18, 0.21) (all P > 0.05). There was heterogeneity of associations by maternal gravidity for weight (P < 0.08), length (P < 0.02), and head circumference (P < 0.05). Among offspring of primagravid women, length at 18 mo was increased by 0.72 cm (95% CI = 0.11, 1.33) following DHA supplementation, representing 0.26 length-for-age Z-score units; among offspring of multigravidae, the estimate was -0.13 cm (95% CI = -0.59, 0.32) (P > 0.5). Maternal DHA supplementation during the second half of gestation may enhance growth through 18 mo of children born to primagravid women.
| S-EPMC3021451 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveWe evaluated the effects of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on offspring development at 18 months of age.DesignRandomized placebo double-blind controlled trial.SettingsCuernavaca, Mexico.Participants and methodsWe followed up offspring (n = 730; 75% of the birth cohort) of women in Mexico who participated in a trial of DHA supplementation during the latter half of pregnancy. We assessed the effect of the intervention on child development and the potential modifying effects of gravidity, gender, SES, and quality of the home environment.Interventions or main exposures400 mg/day of algal DHA.Outcome measuresChild development at 18 months of age measured using the Spanish version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. We calculated standardized psychomotor and mental development indices, and behavior rating scale scores.ResultsIntent-to-treat differences (DHA-control) were: Psychomotor Developmental Index -0.90 (95% CI: -2.35, 0.56), Mental Developmental Index -0.26 (95% CI: -1.63, 1.10) and Behavior Rating Scale -0.01 (95% CI: -0.95, 0.94). Prenatal DHA intake attenuated the positive association between home environment and psychomotor development index observed in the control group (p for interaction = 0.03) suggesting potential benefits for children living in home environments characterized by reduced caregiver interactions and opportunities for early childhood stimulation.ConclusionsPrenatal DHA supplementation in a population with low intakes of DHA had no effects on offspring development at 18 months of age although there may be some benefit for infants from poor quality home environments.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT00646360.
| S-EPMC4532364 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) influence immune function and inflammation; however, the influence of maternal DHA supplementation on infant morbidity is unknown. We investigated the effects of prenatal DHA supplementation on infant morbidity.In a double-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in Mexico, pregnant women received daily supplementation with 400 mg of DHA or placebo from 18 to 22 weeks' gestation through parturition. In infants aged 1, 3, and 6 months, caregivers reported the occurrence of common illness symptoms in the preceding 15 days.Data were available at 1, 3, and 6 months for 849, 834, and 834 infants, respectively. The occurrence of specific illness symptoms did not differ between groups; however, the occurrence of a combined measure of cold symptoms was lower in the DHA group at 1 month (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58-1.00). At 1 month, the DHA group experienced 26%, 15%, and 30% shorter duration of cough, phlegm, and wheezing, respectively, but 22% longer duration of rash (all P ? .01). At 3 months, infants in the DHA group spent 14% less time ill (P < .0001). At 6 months, infants in the DHA group experienced 20%, 13%, 54%, 23%, and 25% shorter duration of fever, nasal secretion, difficulty breathing, rash, and "other illness," respectively, but 74% longer duration of vomiting (all P < .05).DHA supplementation during pregnancy decreased the occurrence of colds in children at 1 month and influenced illness symptom duration at 1, 3, and 6 months.
| S-EPMC3164093 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Objectives To assess if maternal fatty acid desaturase (FADS) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs174602 modifies the effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on the offspring metabolome at age 3 months. Methods Data were obtained from POSGRAD, a double-blind randomized controlled trial in Mexico in which 1094 women received 400 mg/day of algal DHA or a placebo (corn and soy oil) from mid-gestation until delivery. Genotyping was performed using maternal blood samples collected from women at baseline. Using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry, untargeted metabolomics was performed on plasma samples obtained from a random subsample of 112 offspring of POSGRAD participants at 3 months of age. Discriminatory metabolic features were selected via linear regression (P < 0.05); false discovery rate (FDR) was controlled for using the Benjamini-Hochberg method (q = 0.2). Analyses were adjusted for infant sex. Effect modification by FADS SNP rs174602 was assessed using two-way analysis of variance. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed with Mummichog (P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses were performed by rs174602, where the study population was grouped into carriers (TT, TC; n = 70) and non-carriers (CC; n = 42) of the minor allele. Results We identified 279 metabolic features that differed significantly between infants whose mothers received prenatal DHA (n = 59) versus placebo (n = 53); however, zero features remained significant after FDR correction. In the DHA * SNP rs174602 interaction analysis, following FDR correction, 346 differentially expressed features were identified. In the subgroup analysis, positively enriched fatty acid metabolism and decreased amino acid and vitamin B3 metabolism pathways were seen among carriers in the DHA group compared to placebo, whereas differentially enriched TCA cycle and omega-6 fatty acid metabolism pathways were observed by treatment group among non-carriers. Conclusions Maternal SNP rs174602 modified the effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on the infant metabolome at 3 months of age, particularly with regards to fatty acid metabolism. These findings provide additional support for the suggestion that differences in FADS genotype may explain inconsistent results observed across DHA supplementation trials. Funding Sources NIH, Nutricia Foundation, Laney Graduate School, and Conacyt, Mexico.
| S-EPMC7258958 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Intake of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6n-3) is very low among Indian pregnant women. Maternal supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may benefit offspring neurodevelopment. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test the effectiveness of supplementing pregnant Indian women (singleton gestation) from ?20 weeks through 6 months postpartum with 400 mg/d algal DHA compared to placebo on neurodevelopment of their offspring at 12 months. Of 3379 women screened, 1131 were found eligible; 957 were randomized. The primary outcome was infant neurodevelopment at 12 months, assessed using the Development Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII). Both groups were well balanced on sociodemographic variables at baseline. More than 72% of women took >90% of their assigned treatment. Twenty-five serious adverse events (SAEs), none related to the intervention, (DHA group = 16; placebo = 9) were noted. Of 902 live births, 878 were followed up to 12 months; the DASII was administered to 863 infants. At 12 months, the mean development quotient (DQ) scores in the DHA and placebo groups were not statistically significant (96.6 ± 12.2 vs. 97.1 ± 13.0, p = 0.60). Supplementing mothers through pregnancy and lactation with 400 mg/d DHA did not impact offspring neurodevelopment at 12 months of age in this setting.
| S-EPMC7600740 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Long-chain omega-3 fatty acid status during pregnancy may influence newborn anthropometry and duration of gestation. Evidence from high-quality trials from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial among 957 pregnant women (singleton gestation, 14-20 weeks' gestation at enrollment) in India to test the effectiveness of 400 mg/day algal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to placebo provided from enrollment through delivery. Among 3379 women who were screened, 1171 were found eligible; 957 were enrolled and were randomized. The intervention was two microencapsulated algal DHA (200 × 2 = 400 mg/day) or two microencapsulated soy and corn oil placebo tablets to be consumed daily from enrollment (≤20 weeks) through delivery. The primary outcome was newborn anthropometry (birth weight, length, head circumference). Secondary outcomes were gestational age and 1 and 5 min Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score. The groups (DHA; n = 478 and placebo; n = 479) were well balanced at baseline. There were 902 live births. Compliance with the intervention was similar across groups (DHA: 88.5%; placebo: 87.1%). There were no significant differences between DHA and placebo groups for birth weight (2750.6 ± 421.5 vs. 2768.2 ± 436.6 g, p = 0.54), length (47.3 ± 2.0 vs. 47.5 ± 2.0 cm, p = 0.13), or head circumference (33.7 ± 1.4 vs. 33.8 ± 1.4 cm, p = 0.15). The mean gestational age at delivery was similar between groups (DHA: 38.8 ± 1.7 placebo: 38.8 ± 1.7 wk, p = 0.54) as were APGAR scores at 1 and 5 min. Supplementing mothers through pregnancy with 400 mg/day DHA did not impact the offspring's birthweight, length, or head circumference.
| S-EPMC7996222 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceAfrican American women living in urban, low-income environments are at high risk for poor nutrition during pregnancy and birth complications.ObjectiveTo test the effectiveness of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on birth outcomes and infant development in a sample of African American women with Medicaid insurance and living in the city of Pittsburgh.DesignThe Nutrition and Pregnancy Study (NAPS) is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of prenatal DHA supplementation conducted between 2012 and 2014.SettingParticipants were recruited from obstetric clinics at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.ParticipantsSixty-four pregnant, African American women were enrolled at 16-21 weeks of gestation and randomized to either 450mg/day of DHA (22:6n-3)(n=43) or a soybean placebo (n=21). Four women (6.3%) withdrew from the study: two participants from each study arm; complete data were obtained for 49 infants (76.5%) at the 3-month assessment.InterventionsSupplementation with DHA or placebo continued from the beginning of enrollment through delivery.Main outcome and measuresData on birth outcomes were collected from medical records. At approximately 3 months post-partum, mothers brought their infants to the laboratory where the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) were administered and cortisol response to the Face-to-Face Still-Face (FFSF) paradigm was assessed.ResultsInfants of mothers who received DHA supplementation had higher birth weight (3.174g versus 2.890g) than infants of mothers receiving placebo (F [2.40]=6.09, p=0.018, eta=0.36), and were more likely to have a 1-min Apgar score greater than 8 (OR=5.99 [95% CI=1.25-28.75], p=0.025). Infants of mothers who received DHA compared with infants of mothers receiving placebo had lower levels of cortisol in response to the FFSF paradigm (F [1.32]=5.36, p=0.018, eta=0.36). None of the scores on the BSID-III differed as a function of active supplement versus placebo.ConclusionsInfants of women living in urban, low-income environments who received DHA supplementation had more optimal birth outcomes and more modulated cortisol response to a stressor. DHA supplementation may be effective in attenuating the negative effects of prenatal stress on offspring development.
| S-EPMC4955755 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceThe blood pressure-lowering property of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in children and adults is known, and an observational study from the Netherlands has linked higher intrauterine DHA exposure to lower childhood blood pressure. However, the association of prenatal intake of DHA supplement with childhood blood pressure has not been evaluated in randomized clinical trials.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of DHA supplementation during pregnancy on childhood blood pressure.Design, setting, and participantsThis prespecified secondary analysis of the Kansas University DHA Outcome Study (KUDOS), a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at several local hospitals in the Kansas City, Kansas, metropolitan area. Pregnant women (n = 350) were enrolled in the KUDOS trial between January 10, 2006, and November 17, 2009, and were followed up until their children were 18 months of age. During pregnancy, the women received either 3 capsules per day of placebo or 600 mg per day of DHA from a mean (SD) of 14.5 (3.7) weeks' (all before 20 weeks) gestation until birth. The parents of 190 children consented to additional follow-up of their children until 6 years, which ended April 29, 2016. Study personnel involved in testing were blind to the randomization until all children had completed the trial. Data analysis was performed from May 23, 2017, to July 10, 2018.InterventionsPregnant women were assigned to either 600 mg per day of DHA or a placebo that was half soy and half corn oil. Both placebo and DHA were provided in 3 capsules per day.Main outcomes and measuresChildhood blood pressure was a planned secondary outcome of a study powered to measure cognitive development. The hypothesis was that DHA would lower blood pressure prior to data analysis. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured at 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, and 6 years and were analyzed for possible covariates using mixed models to generate a final model.ResultsIn total, 171 children (88 [51.5%] female) were included in this analysis. Of these children, 89 (52.0%) were randomized to the DHA group and 82 (47.9%) to the placebo group. A statistically significant interaction was found between treatment (placebo or DHA) and child weight status (5-year body mass index ≤85th or >85th percentile) for both SBP and DBP. Children who were overweight or obese whose mothers received placebo during pregnancy had higher SBP and DBP compared with children who were overweight or obese whose mothers received DHA (mean [SE] SBP, 104.28 [1.37] mm Hg vs 100.34 [1.02] mm Hg; DBP, 64.7 [1.23] mm Hg vs 59.76 [0.91] mm Hg). No differences in the SBP and DBP were found between children who were overweight or obese whose mothers received DHA and children who were not overweight or obese. In the mixed model analysis, the child's age at blood pressure measurement and the maternal prepregnancy body mass index were the only other statistically significant variables (child age, SBP: F = 7.385; P = .001; DBP: F = 7.39; P = .001; prepregnancy BMI, SBP: r = 0.284; P = .001; DBP: r = 0.216; P = .01).Conclusions and relevanceMaternal docosahexaenoic acid intake during pregnancy appeared to mitigate the association between childhood overweight condition or obesity and blood pressure.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02487771.
| S-EPMC6484605 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo compare childhood physical growth among antiretroviral drug and maternal HIV-exposed uninfected (AHEU) compared with HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children.DesignLongitudinal follow-up of PROMISE trial (NCT01061151) AHEU and age-matched and sex-matched HUU children, enrolled (September 2013 to October 2014) in Malawi and Uganda.MethodWe compared WHO population standardized z-scores [height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), head-circumference-for-age (HCAZ) at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months of age]. We evaluated HUU versus AHEU [in-utero combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) versus Zidovudine (ZDV) alone]; stratified by country, using longitudinal linear and generalized linear mixed models.ResultsOf 466 Malawian and 477 Ugandan children, median maternal age at enrollment was 24.5 years (Malawi) and 27.8 years (Uganda); more than 90% were breastfed through 12 months except Uganda AHEU (64.0%). HAZ scores (adjusted for maternal age, breastfed, and socioeconomic status) were lower among AHEU versus HUU children at every time point, significant (P < 0.05) among Ugandan but not Malawian children. Similar patterns were seen for WAZ but not for WHZ or HCAZ scores. High stunting was observed in both countries, significantly higher in Malawi; and higher among AHEU versus HUU children through 48 months of age, significantly (P < 0.05) among Ugandan but not Malawian children. We found no differences in childhood growth trajectories with in-utero exposures to ZDV compared with cART.ConclusionAHEU versus HUU children had lower median LAZ and WAZ scores persisting through 60 months of age. However, proportions of children with stunting or underweight decreased after 24 months of age.
| S-EPMC9097628 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThe present study investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the growth of bovine oocytes.MethodsOocytes and granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were collected from early antral follicles (0.4-0.7 mm) on the surface of ovaries harvested from a slaughterhouse. The OGCs were cultured with 0, 1, and 10 μmol/L docosahexanoic acid (DHA) for 16 days.ResultsAntrum formation of the OGCs and the number of granulosa cells (GCs) surrounding the oocytes were comparable among groups, whereas supplementation of 0.1 μmol/L of DHA significantly improved oocyte growth. Oocytes grown with DHA had a higher fertilization rate, acetylation levels of H4K12, and ATP contents, as well as a lower lipid content compared with those grown without DHA. In addition, GCs surrounding OGCs grown with DHA had low lipid content compared with vehicle counterparts. Furthermore, when GCs were cultured in vitro, DHA increased ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced lipid content and levels of reactive oxygen species. RNA-seq of GCs revealed that DHA increased CPT1A expression levels and affect genes associated with focal adhesion, oxidative phosphorylation, and PI3K-AKT etc.ConclusionThe results suggest that DHA supplementation affects granulosa cell characteristics and supports oocyte growth in vitro.
| S-EPMC8499585 | biostudies-literature