Dataset Information

The impact of coping flexibility on the risk of depressive symptoms.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

According to the dual-process theory, coping flexibility is defined as the ability to produce and implement a new coping strategy in place of an ineffective coping strategy. Specifically, coping flexibility includes two processes: evaluation coping and adaptive coping. Evaluation coping refers to sensitivity to feedback about the efficacy of a coping strategy, and adaptive coping involves the willingness to implement alternative coping strategies. The coping flexibility hypothesis (CFH) postulates that more flexible coping will be associated with more adaptive outcomes; importantly, there are numerous theories and studies that support the CFH. The main purpose of this study was to test the CFH based on dual-process theory.

Methods

A total of 1,770 Japanese college students participated and, completed a set of questionnaires that measured coping flexibility (evaluation coping and adaptive coping) and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were measured via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

Results

The proportions of women and men who reported depressive symptoms were 58.69% (95% CIs [55.74, 61.66]) and 54.17% (95% CIs [50.37, 57.95]), respectively when a cut-off score of 16 on the CES-D was used. A multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that evaluation coping (OR = 0.86, 95% CIs [0.83, 0.0.89]) and adaptive coping (OR = 0.91, 95% CIs [0.88, 0.93]) were significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

The results of the present study indicated that the CFH based on dual-process theory was supported in a Japanese sample.

SUBMITTER: Kato T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4444128 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

The impact of coping flexibility on the risk of depressive symptoms.

Kato Tsukasa T

PloS one 20150526 5

<h4>Objective</h4>According to the dual-process theory, coping flexibility is defined as the ability to produce and implement a new coping strategy in place of an ineffective coping strategy. Specifically, coping flexibility includes two processes: evaluation coping and adaptive coping. Evaluation coping refers to sensitivity to feedback about the efficacy of a coping strategy, and adaptive coping involves the willingness to implement alternative coping strategies. The coping flexibility hypothe ...[more]

PMID: 26011626

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Project description:Cognitive control and (cognitive) flexibility play an important role in an individual's ability to adapt to continuously changing environments. In addition to facilitating goal-directed behaviors, cognitive control and flexibility have been implicated in emotion regulation, and disturbances of these abilities are present in mood and anxiety disorders. In the context of stressful experiences, the reported studies examined processes related to cognitive control and flexibility, emotional regulation and depressive symptoms. To this end, a brief (18-item) self-report measure - the Cognitive Control and Flexibility Questionnaire (CCFQ) - was developed. This questionnaire measures an individual's perceived ability to exert control over intrusive, unwanted (negative) thoughts and emotions, and their ability to flexibly cope with a stressful situation. In Study 1, the CCFQ was assessed among both university students (N = 300) and a community sample (N = 302). Preliminary analyses suggested a stable and reliable two-factor structure, that of cognitive control over emotion, and appraisal and coping flexibility. Scores on the CCFQ were strongly associated with greater depressive symptoms, even after controlling for other measures that had been taken to reflect cognitive control and (in)flexibility (e.g., the Ruminative Response Scale; Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire). In Study 2 (N = 368), lower scores on the CCFQ were related to more negative stressor appraisals (i.e., greater perceived threat and uncontrollability) of a personally meaningful stressful event. Perceptions of threat and uncontrollability, in turn, partially accounted for the association between CCFQ subscale scores and depressive symptoms. The relation between lower CCFQ scores and heightened depressive symptoms was also partially accounted for by less frequent engagement in problem-focused coping and more use of emotion-focused methods. In Study 3 (N = 47 females), lower scores on the cognitive control over emotion component of the CCFQ predicted elevated negative affect and an exacerbated cortisol response following an acute psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test). The present research points to the CCFQ as a useful self-report tool to identify ways through which cognitive control and flexibility might be manifested in stressful situations, and how reductions in flexibility might be accompanied by elevated symptoms of depression.

Project description:Depressive symptoms and binge eating are both prevalent in weight management populations and may be associated with reduced benefit from behavioral weight loss, including higher attrition, more perceived barriers, lower weight loss, and increased weight regain. These two potential risk factors for poor behavioral weight loss outcomes may also be associated with each other as depressive symptoms may trigger binge eating, and binge eating-related distress could increase depressive symptoms. The depressive symptom-binge eating link has not been well studied in weight management samples, and psychological processes involved in this relationship have not yet been elucidated. Psychological flexibility, an individual's ability to be connected with and conscious of the present moment and to engage in values-consistent behavior even in the presence of difficult internal experiences, may be one psychological process that changes the depressive symptom-binge eating relationship. High psychological flexibility may be a protective factor in the association of depressive symptoms with binge eating. This study examined the relationship between depressive symptom and binge eating and a potential interactive role of psychological flexibility. Participants (N = 468, 76% female) completed self-report questionnaires of binge eating, depressive symptoms, and psychological flexibility at baseline prior to initiating behavioral weight loss. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with binge eating (B = 1.00, p < 0.001). Psychological flexibility had an interactive role (B = -0.03, p = 0.005). Among participants with minimal to mild depressive symptoms, those with higher psychological flexibility had less severe binge eating. Findings suggest that psychological flexibility may be a protective factor in the association between depressive symptoms and binge eating in the majority of individuals initiating behavioral weight loss. Psychological flexibility is a psychological process to consider targeting for enhancing efficacy of weight loss treatment, especially among individuals with minimal to mild depressive symptoms and binge eating behavior.

Dataset Information

The impact of coping flexibility on the risk of depressive symptoms.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

The impact of coping flexibility on the risk of depressive symptoms.

Similar Datasets

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