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Punishment Insensitivity in Early Childhood: A Developmental, Dimensional Approach.


ABSTRACT: Impairment in learning from punishment ("punishment insensitivity") is an established feature of severe antisocial behavior in adults and youth but it has not been well studied as a developmental phenomenon. In early childhood, differentiating a normal: abnormal spectrum of punishment insensitivity is key for distinguishing normative misbehavior from atypical manifestations. This study employed a novel measure, the Multidimensional Assessment Profile of Disruptive Behavior (MAP-DB), to examine the distribution, dimensionality, and external validity of punishment insensitivity in a large, demographically diverse community sample of preschoolers (3-5 years) recruited from pediatric clinics (N?=?1,855). Caregivers completed surveys from which a seven-item Punishment Insensitivity scale was derived. Findings indicated that Punishment Insensitivity behaviors are relatively common in young children, with at least 50 % of preschoolers exhibiting them sometimes. Item response theory analyses revealed a Punishment Insensitivity spectrum. Items varied along a severity continuum: most items needed to occur "Often" in order to be severe and behaviors that were qualitatively atypical or intense were more severe. Although there were item-level differences across sociodemographic groups, these were small. Construct, convergent, and divergent validity were demonstrated via association to low concern for others and noncompliance, motivational regulation, and a disruptive family context. Incremental clinical utility was demonstrated in relation to impairment. Early childhood punishment insensitivity varies along a severity continuum and is atypical when it predominates. Implications for understanding the phenomenology of emergent disruptive behavior are discussed.

SUBMITTER: Nichols SR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4446258 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Histone-induced damage of a mammalian epithelium: the conductive effect.

Kleine T J TJ   Gladfelter A A   Lewis P N PN   Lewis S A SA  

The American journal of physiology 19950501 5 Pt 1


Human semen has been reported to be cytotoxic to rat descending colon by a mechanism involving polyamines (cationic molecules) and collagenase. In this study, we report that histones, cationic proteins found in human semen, can contribute to semen's cytotoxicity. Histones H1, H4, and H5, when added to the mucosal side of rabbit urinary bladder epithelium, were found to alter the transepithelial conductance (Gt) in a voltage-sensitive manner. When the cell interior was negative, the conductance r  ...[more]

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