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Efficacy of commercial weight-loss programs: an updated systematic review.

ABSTRACT: Commercial and proprietary weight-loss programs are popular obesity treatment options, but their efficacy is unclear.To compare weight loss, adherence, and harms of commercial or proprietary weight-loss programs versus control/education (no intervention, printed materials only, health education curriculum, or <3 sessions with a provider) or behavioral counseling among overweight and obese adults.MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to November 2014; references identified by program staff.Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) of at least 12 weeks' duration; prospective case series of at least 12 months' duration (harms only).Two reviewers extracted information on study design, population characteristics, interventions, and mean percentage of weight change and assessed risk of bias.We included 45 studies, 39 of which were RCTs. At 12 months, Weight Watchers participants achieved at least 2.6% greater weight loss than those assigned to control/education. Jenny Craig resulted in at least 4.9% greater weight loss at 12 months than control/education and counseling. Nutrisystem resulted in at least 3.8% greater weight loss at 3 months than control/education and counseling. Very-low-calorie programs (Health Management Resources, Medifast, and OPTIFAST) resulted in at least 4.0% greater short-term weight loss than counseling, but some attenuation of effect occurred beyond 6 months when reported. Atkins resulted in 0.1% to 2.9% greater weight loss at 12 months than counseling. Results for SlimFast were mixed. We found limited evidence to evaluate adherence or harms for all programs and weight outcomes for other commercial programs.Many trials were short (<12 months), had high attrition, and lacked blinding.Clinicians could consider referring overweight or obese patients to Weight Watchers or Jenny Craig. Other popular programs, such as Nutrisystem, show promising weight-loss results; however, additional studies evaluating long-term outcomes are needed.None. (CRD4201-4007155).

SUBMITTER: Gudzune KA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4446719 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Efficacy of commercial weight-loss programs: an updated systematic review.

Gudzune Kimberly A KA Doshi Ruchi S RS Mehta Ambereen K AK Chaudhry Zoobia W ZW Jacobs David K DK Vakil Rachit M RM Lee Clare J CJ Bleich Sara N SN Clark Jeanne M JM

Annals of internal medicine 20150401 7

<h4>Background</h4>Commercial and proprietary weight-loss programs are popular obesity treatment options, but their efficacy is unclear.<h4>Purpose</h4>To compare weight loss, adherence, and harms of commercial or proprietary weight-loss programs versus control/education (no intervention, printed materials only, health education curriculum, or <3 sessions with a provider) or behavioral counseling among overweight and obese adults.<h4>Data sources</h4>MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systemat ...[more]

PMID: 25844997

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Project description:BackgroundObesity has become a major driver in the burden of chronic diseases. The Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend a lifestyle intervention for the management and prevention of obesity. This includes behavior modification, dietary counseling, and physical activity. With the market overwhelmed with weight loss programs, the majority are focused on low-calorie diets and general recommendations for exercise. Most are not personalized and are not administered by healthcare professionals. An interdisciplinary team of highly trained healthcare professionals has the ability to provide medically sound and safe advice in all aspects of an individuals' life, such as lifestyle, sleep, mental health, and behaviors. A clinically managed weight loss program is defined as a team including a dietitian, exercise professional, psychologist, and/or physician or nurse practitioner oversight. With limiting results in the literature regarding clinically managed weight loss programs, it is difficult to conclude whether it may be effective. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to assess clinically managed weight loss programs, with a physician or nurse practitioner oversight in comparison with non-clinically managed weight loss programs with no physician oversight or nurse practitioner oversight in adults who are living with overweight or obesity.MethodsA literature search will be executed by a knowledge synthesis librarian on MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. The data collected will be extracted, stored, and managed in MS Excel 2016. The extraction of the data will include study details, study population details, health team details, intervention details, and outcome details.DiscussionThe prevalence of obesity has been increasing throughout the decades. The results from this systematic review may aid in recommending a more clinically safe weight loss program for those who struggle with overweight or obesity.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020170014.

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Efficacy of commercial weight-loss programs: an updated systematic review.

Publications

Efficacy of commercial weight-loss programs: an updated systematic review.

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