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Characterizing the neurotranscriptomic states in alternative stress coping styles.

ABSTRACT: Animals experience stress in many contexts and often successfully cope. Individuals exhibiting the proactive versus reactive stress coping styles display qualitatively different behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stressors. The predisposition to exhibiting a particular coping style is due to genetic and environmental factors. In this study we explore the neurotranscriptomic and gene network biases that are associated with differences between zebrafish (Danio rerio) lines selected for proactive and reactive coping styles and reared in a common garden environment.Using RNA-sequencing we quantified the basal transcriptomes from the brains of wild-derived zebrafish lines selectively bred to exhibit the proactive or reactive stress coping style. We identified 1953 genes that differed in baseline gene expression levels. Weighted gene coexpression network analyses identified one gene module associated with line differences. Together with our previous pharmacological experiment, we identified a core set of 62 genes associated with line differences. Gene ontology analyses reveal that many of these core genes are implicated in neurometabolism (e.g. organic acid biosynthetic and fatty acid metabolic processes).Our results show that proactive and reactive stress coping individuals display distinct basal neurotranscriptomic states. Differences in baseline expression of select genes or regulation of specific gene modules are linked to the magnitude of the behavioral response and the display of a coping style, respectively. Our results expand the molecular mechanisms of stress coping from one focused on the neurotransmitter systems to a more complex system that involves an organism's capability to handle neurometabolic loads and allows for comparisons with other animal taxa to uncover potential conserved mechanisms.

SUBMITTER: Wong RY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4450845 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterizing the neurotranscriptomic states in alternative stress coping styles.

Wong Ryan Y RY Lamm Melissa S MS Godwin John J

BMC genomics 20150602

<h4>Background</h4>Animals experience stress in many contexts and often successfully cope. Individuals exhibiting the proactive versus reactive stress coping styles display qualitatively different behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stressors. The predisposition to exhibiting a particular coping style is due to genetic and environmental factors. In this study we explore the neurotranscriptomic and gene network biases that are associated with differences between zebrafish (Danio rerio) lin ...[more]

PMID: 26032017

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Project description:Individual stress coping style has profound effects on how animals respond to environmental change, and individuals within a population strikingly differ in how gene expression shifts in response to challenge. This study used a wild type Zebrafish (Danio rerio) population to: 1) identify and screen for individual coping style using a screening protocol for risk taking in groups and 2) do global transcriptomics of brains from proactive, reactive or randomly chosen individuals (n=10/group) under control conditions. Results show that within our population proactive and reactive individual coping styles can be accurately identified and may represent 10-30% of individuals within the population. Microarray data analyses identify fundamental differences between the three different groups where variance in gene expression values are reduced by using coping style as an explanatory variable. Furthermore, significant differences in mRNAs and related biological processes suggest that even under identical environmental conditions the molecular mechanisms that underpin physiological processes are very different between proactive and reactive individuals within a population. Experimental tank was an 18 litre glass aquarium (dimensions (LxWxH): 40 X 25 X 20cm) lined on three sides with white paper; the front wall was not covered to allow the observer to record the behaviour and divided at 1/3 of his length with a black PVC screen with a 3cm diameter hole in the middle. All the tank surfaces around this third area of the tank were covered with dark paper and closed on the upper part with a removable lid to provide a shelter for the animals. The hole was covered with the same PVC plastic material and removed once the screening started to allow the fish enter the novel environment. Food was not supplied the day before to ensure that during the test the fish were hungry and they had to make the decision to leave a safe area in order to forage. Boldness was measured as the time taken by individual fish to leave a group from a safe, darkened area. It hence represents the willingness of a fish to explore a new, potentially dangerous environment, or boldness. Tests were conducted with groups of 9 randomly-selected fish from stocking tanks. Fish were familiar to each other in the sense that they were previously held in the same stocking tank. Test started with a 10 min. habituation period in the sheltered area with the hole closed with a PVC screen and the top of the sheltered area of the tank also covered to provide a complete quiet place. Then the lid covering the hole was gently removed. Either the first 3 fish to exit the shelter or fish with latency times inferior to 10 minutes were considered bold fish and were removed gently with a fish net from the test tank and placed apart in another tank. Latency times of emergency from the sheltered area were recorded individually. Next 3 animals to emerge before 15 minutes were considered intermediate and also removed gently. At the end of this last 15 minutes, animals that still remained inside the sheltered area were considered shy. Intermediates were discarded and fish selected for different coping strategies where placed in different tanks for posterior molecular analysis. Selected animals were killed by an overdose of MS-22 and the brains were sampled. Individual tissue samples were homogenized into 0.3 ml of Tri-Reagent and stored at -80C for further molecular analysis.

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Characterizing the neurotranscriptomic states in alternative stress coping styles.

Publications

Characterizing the neurotranscriptomic states in alternative stress coping styles.

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