Hospitalization frequency and charges for neurocysticercosis, United States, 2003-2012.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: O'Neal SE
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4451927 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Study objectivesStimulated reporting occurs when patients and healthcare professionals are influenced or "stimulated" by media publicity to report specific drug-related adverse reactions, significantly biasing pharmacovigilance analyses. Among countries where the non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug zolpidem is marketed, the United States experienced a comparable surge of media reporting during 2006-2009 linking the above drug with the development of complex neuropsychiatric sleep-related behaviors. However, the effect of this stimulated reporting in the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System has not been explored.MethodsUsing disproportionality analyses, reporting odds ratios for zolpidem exposure and the following adverse events; parasomnia, movement-based parasomnia, nonmovement-based parasomnia, amnesia, hallucination, and suicidality were determined and compared to all other medications in the database, followed by specific comparison to the benzodiazepine hypnotic class, year-by-year from 2003 to 2012.ResultsOdds ratios were increased significantly during and after the period of media publicity for parasomnias, movement-based parasomnias, amnesias and hallucinations. We also observed that zolpidem adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports have higher odds for parasomnias, movement-based parasomnias, amnesias, hallucinations, and suicidality compared to all other drugs, even before the media publicity cluster.ConclusionsAlthough our results indicate that zolpidem reports have higher odds for the ADR of interest even before the media publicity cluster, negative media coverage greatly exacerbated the reporting of these adverse reactions. The effect of such reporting must be borne in mind when decisions around drugs which have been the subject of intense media publicity are made by health professionals or regulatory bodies.
| S-EPMC5263078 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although most non-typhoidal Salmonella illnesses are self-limiting, antimicrobial treatment is critical for invasive infections. To describe resistance in Salmonella that caused foodborne outbreaks in the United States, we linked outbreaks submitted to the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System to isolate susceptibility data in the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Resistant outbreaks were defined as those linked to one or more isolates with resistance to at least one antimicrobial drug. Multidrug resistant (MDR) outbreaks had at least one isolate resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes. Twenty-one per cent (37/176) of linked outbreaks were resistant. In outbreaks attributed to a single food group, 73% (16/22) of resistant outbreaks and 46% (31/68) of non-resistant outbreaks were attributed to foods from land animals (P < 0·05). MDR Salmonella with clinically important resistance caused 29% (14/48) of outbreaks from land animals and 8% (3/40) of outbreaks from plant products (P < 0·01). In our study, resistant Salmonella infections were more common in outbreaks attributed to foods from land animals than outbreaks from foods from plants or aquatic animals. Antimicrobial susceptibility data on isolates from foodborne Salmonella outbreaks can help determine which foods are associated with resistant infections.
| S-EPMC5299041 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background The disease burden associated with stroke by age is not well known. Aim To assess the trends in stroke hospitalizations and associated cost among adults aged ?18 years by age groups in the United States. Methods The study population consisted of 2003-2012 adult hospitalizations from the National Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, and acute ischemic stroke hospitalizations were identified by the principal diagnosis ICD-9-CM code. We estimated national hospitalization rates and inflation-adjusted hospital costs across five consecutive 2-year time intervals, stratified by seven age groups. Results Hospitalization rates for subarachnoid hemorrhage decreased significantly from 2003-2004 to 2011-2012 for ages 35-44 (relative percent change (RPC): -23%) and 45-54 (RPC: -22%), respectively. For intracerebral hemorrhage, the rates decreased significantly for ages ?65 years. Acute ischemic stroke hospitalization rates increased significantly for ages 18-54 and decreased significantly for ages 65-84 years. The average per-hospitalization cost for subarachnoid hemorrhage increased 7-35% among all age groups, except those aged 65-74, and increased 10-29% for intracerabral hemorrhage except those aged 75-84, and increased 6-19% among all ages for acute ischemic stroke, respectively. Overall, the estimated total national cost increased 7% for subarachnoid hemorrhage, 10% for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 18% for acute ischemic stroke from 2003-2004 to 2011-2012. Conclusions From 2003 to 2012, subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerabral hemorrhage stroke hospitalization rates declined across all age groups. While US acute ischemic stroke hospitalizations among ages 65-84 declined significantly, the hospitalization rates increased significantly among ages 18-54. The estimated hospital costs increased across all stroke subtypes during the study period.
| S-EPMC5161728 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We aimed to assess trends in hospitalization, outcomes, and resource utilization among patients admitted with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD).We used the 2003-2012 US Nationwide Inpatient Sample for this study. All admissions with an ACHD were identified using standard ICD codes. Resource utilization was assessed using length of stay, invasive procedure utilization, and cost of hospitalization. There was a significant increase in the number of both simple (101%) as well as complex congenital heart disease (53%)-related admissions across 2003-2012. In addition, there was a considerable increase in the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors including older age, along with a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Besides miscellaneous causes, congestive heart failure (11.8%), valve disease (15.5%), and cerebrovascular accident (26.1%) were the top causes of admission to the hospital among patients with complex ACHD, simple ACHD without atrial septal defects/patent foramen ovale and simple atrial septal defects/patent foramen ovale patients, respectively. In-hospital mortality has been relatively constant among patients with complex ACHD as well as simple ACHD without atrial septal defects/patent foramen ovale. However, there has been considerable increase in the average length of stay and cost of hospitalization among the ACHD patients during 2003-2012.There has been a progressive increase in ACHD admissions across 2003-2012 in the United States, with increasing healthcare resource utilization among these patients. Moreover, there has been a change in the cardiovascular comorbidities of these patients, adding a layer of complexity in management of ACHD patients.
| S-EPMC4859356 | biostudies-other
Project description:Using data from 2003-2012, we updated a previous analysis of trends in hospitalizations of HIV-infected children and adolescents in the United States.We used data from the Kids´ Inpatient Database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project to derive nationally representative estimates of the number of hospitalizations and the rates per 1000 hospitalizations of select discharge diagnoses and procedures in 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012 among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children and adolescents ?18 years, excluding hospitalizations for conditions related to pregnancy/delivery and neonatal diagnoses. We also examined trends in the prevalence of select discharge diagnoses and procedures using multivariable logistic regression models.During 2003-2012, the number of hospitalizations for HIV-infected children declined 58% versus 17% for uninfected, but the odds of having discharge codes for most of the diagnoses and procedures studied, including death during hospitalization, remained higher among HIV-infected compared with uninfected children. Among HIV-infected children, the prevalence of discharge diagnoses for pneumonia, pneumococcal disease and varicella/herpes zoster infections and odds of death during hospitalization decreased over time, while bacterial infections/sepsis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus increased. Among HIV-uninfected children, there was no increase in diagnoses of bacterial infection/sepsis, but otherwise trends were similar.The number of hospitalizations for HIV-infected children declined from 2003 to 2012. The decreased prevalence of several discharge diagnoses and lower risk of death during hospitalization likely reflect improvements in HIV therapies and increased uptake of other preventive strategies. However, the increasing prevalence of discharge diagnoses for bacterial infections/sepsis warrants further attention and monitoring.
| S-EPMC6033323 | biostudies-other
Project description:Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) are not well described in children. We assessed the prevalence of risk factors for TIA requiring hospitalization in children in a large national database.Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database, children aged 1 to 18 years admitted for TIA in 2003, 2006, and 2009 were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 435. Descriptive analyses identified patient characteristics. Trend analysis determined the change in annual average hospitalization days from 2003 to 2009.TIA was the primary diagnosis for 531 children. Important secondary diagnoses included sickle cell disease (20%), congenital heart disease (11%), migraine (12%), moyamoya disease (10%), and stroke (4%). Mean length of stay decreased from 3.0 days (95% confidence interval, 2.4-3.6) in 2003 to 2.3 days (95% confidence interval, 2.0-2.7) in 2009 (P=0.04). During the same period, 2590 children were admitted with ischemic stroke; 4.8 children with stroke were admitted for every child with TIA.Recognized risk factors for TIA, including sickle cell disease, congenital heart disease, moyamoya, recent stroke, and migraine, were present in <60% of children. Pediatric admissions for ischemic stroke were ?5-fold more common than for TIA. Further study is required to understand the risk of stroke after TIA in children to guide appropriate evaluation and treatment.
| S-EPMC3954473 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Despite associations of dietary added sugar with excess weight gain and chronic disease risk, intake among most Americans exceeds the recommended limits (<10% total energy). Maternal diet plays an important role in pregnancy-related outcomes, but little is known about the extent of added sugar intake during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE:To assess intake and identify the top sources of added sugars in the diets of pregnant vs nonpregnant women in the United States. DESIGN:Cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2004 to 2011-2012. PARTICIPANTS:Four thousand one hundred seventy-nine pregnant and nonpregnant women (aged 20 to 39 years) who completed a dietary recall. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED:Survey-weighted analyses were used to estimate means (95% CIs) in total grams and as percentage of total energy for added sugar intake by pregnancy status and by demographic subgroup and to identify leading sources of added sugar. RESULTS:Added sugar intake trended toward being higher in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women in absolute grams, 85.1 g (95% CI: 77.4 to 92.7) vs 76.7 g (95% CI: 73.6 to 79.9), respectively (P=0.06), but was lower among pregnant women when total energy intake was accounted for, 14.8% (95% CI: 13.8 to 15.7) vs 15.9% (95% CI: 15.2 to 16.6) of total energy, respectively (P=0.03). Among pregnant women, added sugar intake was similar among demographic subgroups. However, in multivariable regression, pregnancy status significantly modified the associations of education and income with added sugar intake, whereby less educated and lower-income women who were pregnant had lower added sugar intakes compared with those who were not pregnant, but more educated or higher-income women did not exhibit this pattern. The top five sources of added sugar for all women were sugar-sweetened beverages; cakes, cookies, and pastries; sugars and sweets; juice drinks and smoothies; and milk-based desserts. CONCLUSIONS:Although pregnant women had higher energy intakes, this was not attributed to higher intakes of added sugar. Although education and income affected consumption during pregnancy, intake of added sugar among all women, regardless of pregnancy status, exceeded recommendations.
| S-EPMC5924618 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma has a favorable prognosis, but patients with multiple recurrences have drastically lower survival. Filipinos in the United States are known to have high rates of thyroid cancer incidence and disease recurrence. To the authors' knowledge, it is unknown whether Filipinos also have higher thyroid cancer mortality rates. METHODS:The authors studied thyroid cancer mortality in Filipino, non-Filipino Asian (NFA), and non-Hispanic white (NHW) adults using US death records (2003-2012) and US Census data. Age-adjusted mortality rates and proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated. Sex, nativity status, age at death, and educational attainment also were examined. RESULTS:The authors examined 19,940,952 deaths. The age-adjusted mortality rates due to thyroid cancer were highest in Filipinos (1.72 deaths per 100,000 population; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.51-1.95) compared with NFAs (1.03 per 100,000 population; 95% CI, 0.95-1.12) and NHWs (1.17 per 100,000 population; 95% CI, 1.16-1.18). Compared with NHWs, higher proportionate mortality was observed in Filipino women (3-5 times higher) across all age groups, and among Filipino men, the PMR was 2 to 3 times higher in the subgroup aged >55 years. Filipinos who completed a higher educational level had a notably higher PMR (5.0) compared with their counterparts who had not (3.5). CONCLUSIONS:Negative prognostic factors for thyroid cancer traditionally include age >45 years and male sex. The results of the current study demonstrate that Filipinos die of thyroid cancer at higher rates than NFA and NHW individuals of similar ages. Highly educated Filipinos and Filipino women may be especially at risk of poor thyroid cancer outcomes. Filipino ethnicity should be factored into clinical decision making in the management of patients with thyroid cancer. Cancer 2017;123:4860-7. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
| S-EPMC5716919 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We report an increase in the proportion of genotype GI.6 norovirus outbreaks in the United States from 1.4% in 2010 to 7.7% in 2012 (p<0.001). Compared with non-GI.6 outbreaks, GI.6 outbreaks were characterized by summer seasonality, foodborne transmission, and non-health care settings.
| S-EPMC3739519 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Weight gain after quitting smoking is a common concern for smokers and can discourage quit attempts. The purpose of this analysis was to describe the long-term weight gain, smoking cessation attributable (SCA) weight gain and describe their relationship to cigarette consumption and body mass index (BMI) 10 years ago in a contemporary, nationally representative sample of smokers who continued to smoke and those who quit.In all, 12,204 adults ?36 years old were selected from the 2003-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Ten-year weight gain for never, continuing and former smokers (who quit 1-10 years ago) was calculated by body mass index (BMI) 10 years ago and cigarettes per day (CPD). SCA weight gain was calculated by taking the difference between the adjusted mean 10-year weight gain of former smokers and that of continuing smokers.Mean 10-year weight gain among continuing smokers was 3.5? versus 8.4?kg among former smokers; the SCA weight gain was 4.9?kg. After Bonferroni correction, there was no significant difference in overall weight gain between continuing and former smokers of 1-14 CPD, and SCA weight gain was lowest in this group (2.0?kg, confidence interval (CI): 0.3, 3.7). SCA weight gain was highest for former smokers of ?25 CPD (10.3?kg, CI: 7.4, 13.2) and for those who were obese (7.1?kg, CI: 2.9, 11.3) mostly because of lower than average weight gain or weight loss among continuing smokers in these groups.In a current, nationally representative sample, baseline BMI and CPD were important factors that contributed to the magnitude of long-term weight gain following smoking cessation. Light to moderate smokers (<15 CPD) experienced little SCA weight gain, whereas heavy smokers (?25 CPD) and those who were obese before quitting experienced the most.
| S-EPMC4976446 | biostudies-literature