Dataset Information

Apolar distal pocket mutants of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase: Binding of imidazole, 1-methylimidazole and 4-nitroimidazole to the triAla, triVal, and triLeu variants.

ABSTRACT: Imidazole binding to three apolar distal heme pocket mutants of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) has been investigated between pH4 and 8. The three CcP variants have Arg-48, Trp-51, and His-52 mutated to either all alanine, CcP(triAla), all valine, CcP(triVal), or all leucine residues, CcP(triLeu). The imidazole binding curves for all three mutants are biphasic indicating that each of the mutants exists in at least two conformational states with different affinities for imidazole. At pH7, the high-affinity conformations of the three CcP mutants bind imidazole between 3.8 and 4.7 orders of magnitude stronger than that of wild-type CcP while the low-affinity conformations have binding affinities about 2.5 orders of magnitude larger than wild-type CcP. Imidazole binding to the three CcP mutants is pH dependent with the strongest binding observed at high pH. Apparent pK(a) values for the transition in binding vary between 5.6 and 7.5 for the high-affinity conformations and between 6.2 and 6.8 for the low-affinity conformations of the CcP triple mutants. The kinetics of imidazole binding are also biphasic. The fast phase of imidazole binding to CcP(triAla) and CcP(triLeu) is linearly dependent on the imidazole concentration while the slow phase is independent of imidazole concentration. Both phases of imidazole binding to CcP(triVal) have a hyperbolic dependence on the imidazole concentration. The apparent association rate constants vary between 30 and 170 M(-1)s(-1) while the apparent dissociation rate constants vary between 0.05 and 0.43 s(-1). The CcP triple mutants have higher binding affinities for 1-methylimidazole and 4-nitroimidazole than does wild-type CcP.

SUBMITTER: Bidwai A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4457643 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Apolar distal pocket mutants of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase: Binding of imidazole, 1-methylimidazole and 4-nitroimidazole to the triAla, triVal, and triLeu variants.

Bidwai Anil A Ayala Caitlan C Vitello Lidia B LB Erman James E JE

Biochimica et biophysica acta 20150418 8

Imidazole binding to three apolar distal heme pocket mutants of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) has been investigated between pH4 and 8. The three CcP variants have Arg-48, Trp-51, and His-52 mutated to either all alanine, CcP(triAla), all valine, CcP(triVal), or all leucine residues, CcP(triLeu). The imidazole binding curves for all three mutants are biphasic indicating that each of the mutants exists in at least two conformational states with different affinities for imidazole. At pH7, the ...[more]

PMID: 25900360

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Project description:Cytochrome-c-peroxidase (CCP) contains a five-coordinate heme active site. The reduction potential for the ferric to ferrous couple in CCP is anomalously low and pH dependent (Eo = ~-180 mV vs. S.H.E. at pH 7). The contribution of the protein environment to the tuning of the redox potential of this couple is evaluated using site directed mutants of several amino acid residues in the environment of the heme. These include proximal pocket mutation to residues Asp-235, Trp-191, Phe-202 and His-175, distal pocket mutation to residues Trp-51, His-52, and Arg-48; and a heme edge mutation to Ala-147. Where unknown, the structural changes resulting from the amino acid substitution have been studied by X-ray crystallography. In most cases, ostensibly polar or charged residues are replaced by large hydrophobic groups or alternatively by Ala or Gly. These latter have been shown to generate large, solvent filled cavities. Reduction potentials are measured as a function of pH by spectroelectrochemistry. Starting with the X-ray derived structures of CCP and the mutants, or with predicted structures generated by Molecular Dynamics (MD), predictions of redox potential changes are modeled using the Protein Dipoles Langevin Dipoles (PDLD) method. These calculations serve to model an electrostatic assessment of the redox potential change with simplified assumptions about heme iron chemistry, with the balance of the experimentally observed shifts in redox potential being thence attributed to changes in the ligand set and heme coordination chemistry, and/or other changes in the structure not directly evident in the X-ray structures (e.g. ionization states, specific roles played by solvent species, or conformationally flexible portions of the protein). Agreement between theory and experiment is good for all mutant proteins with the exception of the mutation Arg 48 to Ala, and His 52 to Ala. In the former case, the influence of phosphate buffer is adduced to account for the discrepancy, and measurements made in a bis-tris propane/2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid buffer system agree well with theory. For the latter case, an unknown structural element relevant to His-52, and/or solvent influence in the mutant akin to anion binding in the distal pocket (though lacking proof that it is) manifests in this mutant. The use of exogenous (sixth) ligands in dissecting the contributions to control of redox potential are also explored as a pathway for model building.

Dataset Information

Apolar distal pocket mutants of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase: Binding of imidazole, 1-methylimidazole and 4-nitroimidazole to the triAla, triVal, and triLeu variants.

Publications

Apolar distal pocket mutants of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase: Binding of imidazole, 1-methylimidazole and 4-nitroimidazole to the triAla, triVal, and triLeu variants.

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