Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

41 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Fragile X mental retardation protein: A paradigm for translational control by RNA-binding proteins.

ABSTRACT: Translational control is a common mechanism used to regulate gene expression and occur in bacteria to mammals. Typically in translational control, an RNA-binding protein binds to a unique sequence in the mRNA to regulate protein synthesis by the ribosomes. Alternatively, a protein may bind to or modify a translation factor to globally regulate protein synthesis by the cell. Here, we review translational control by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the absence of which causes the neurological disease, fragile X syndrome (FXS).

SUBMITTER: Chen E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4458461 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Fragile X mental retardation protein: A paradigm for translational control by RNA-binding proteins.

Chen Eileen E Joseph Simpson S

Biochimie 20150217

Translational control is a common mechanism used to regulate gene expression and occur in bacteria to mammals. Typically in translational control, an RNA-binding protein binds to a unique sequence in the mRNA to regulate protein synthesis by the ribosomes. Alternatively, a protein may bind to or modify a translation factor to globally regulate protein synthesis by the cell. Here, we review translational control by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the absence of which causes the n ...[more]

PMID: 25701550

Similar Datasets

RNA-Binding Specificity of the Human Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein.

Project description:Fragile X syndrome is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and is caused by a deficiency of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in neurons. FMRP regulates the translation of numerous mRNAs within dendritic synapses, but how FMRP recognizes these target mRNAs remains unknown. FMRP has KH0, KH1, KH2, and RGG domains, which are thought to bind to specific RNA recognition elements (RREs). Several studies used high-throughput methods to identify various RREs in mRNAs that FMRP may bind to in vivo. However, there is little overlap in the mRNA targets identified by each study, suggesting that the RNA-binding specificity of FMRP is still unknown. To determine the specificity of FMRP for the RREs, we performed quantitative in vitroRNA binding studies with various constructs of human FMRP. Unexpectedly, our studies show that the KH domains do not bind to the previously identified RREs. To further investigate the RNA-binding specificity of FMRP, we developed a new method called Motif Identification by Analysis of Simple sequences (MIDAS) to identify single-stranded RNA sequences bound by KH domains. We find that the FMRP KH0, KH1, and KH2 domains bind weakly to the single-stranded RNA sequences suggesting that they may have evolved to bind more complex RNA structures. Additionally, we find that the RGG motif of human FMRP binds with a high affinity to an RNAG-quadruplex structure that lacks single-stranded loops, double-stranded stems, or junctions.

| S-EPMC7306444 | biostudies-literature

The RNA binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein promotes myelin sheath growth.

Project description:During development, oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system extend a multitude of processes that wrap axons with myelin. The highly polarized oligodendrocytes generate myelin sheaths on many different axons, which are far removed from the cell body. Neurons use RNA binding proteins to transport, stabilize, and locally translate mRNA in distal domains of neurons. Local synthesis of synaptic proteins during neurodevelopment facilitates the rapid structural and functional changes underlying neural plasticity and avoids extensive protein transport. We hypothesize that RNA binding proteins also regulate local mRNA regulation in oligodendrocytes to promote myelin sheath growth. Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein that plays essential roles in the growth and maturation of neurons, is also expressed in oligodendrocytes. To determine whether oligodendrocytes require FMRP for myelin sheath development, we examined fmr1-/- mutant zebrafish and drove FMR1 expression specifically in oligodendrocytes. We found oligodendrocytes in fmr1-/- mutants developed myelin sheaths of diminished length, a phenotype that can be autonomously rescued in oligodendrocytes with FMR1 expression. Myelin basic protein (Mbp), an essential myelin protein, was reduced in myelin tracts of fmr1-/- mutants, but loss of FMRP function did not impact the localization of mbpa transcript in myelin. Finally, expression of FMR1-I304N, a missense allele that abrogates FMRP association with ribosomes, failed to rescue fmr1-/- mutant sheath growth and induced short myelin sheaths in oligodendrocytes of wild-type larvae. Taken together, these data suggest that FMRP promotes sheath growth through local regulation of translation.

| S-EPMC8279157 | biostudies-literature

A novel function for fragile X mental retardation protein in translational activation.

Project description:Fragile X syndrome, the most frequent form of inherited mental retardation, is due to the absence of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein involved in several steps of RNA metabolism. To date, two RNA motifs have been found to mediate FMRP/RNA interaction, the G-quartet and the "kissing complex," which both induce translational repression in the presence of FMRP. We show here a new role for FMRP as a positive modulator of translation. FMRP specifically binds Superoxide Dismutase 1 (Sod1) mRNA with high affinity through a novel RNA motif, SoSLIP (Sod1 mRNA Stem Loops Interacting with FMRP), which is folded as three independent stem-loop structures. FMRP induces a structural modification of the SoSLIP motif upon its interaction with it. SoSLIP also behaves as a translational activator whose action is potentiated by the interaction with FMRP. The absence of FMRP results in decreased expression of Sod1. Because it has been observed that brain metabolism of FMR1 null mice is more sensitive to oxidative stress, we propose that the deregulation of Sod1 expression may be at the basis of several traits of the physiopathology of the Fragile X syndrome, such as anxiety, sleep troubles, and autism.

| S-EPMC2628407 | biostudies-literature

On BC1 RNA and the fragile X mental retardation protein.

Project description:The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the functional absence of which causes fragile X syndrome, is an RNA-binding protein that has been implicated in the regulation of local protein synthesis at the synapse. The mechanism of FMRP's interaction with its target mRNAs, however, has remained controversial. In one model, it has been proposed that BC1 RNA, a small non-protein-coding RNA that localizes to synaptodendritic domains, operates as a requisite adaptor by specifically binding to both FMRP and, via direct base-pairing, to FMRP target mRNAs. Other models posit that FMRP interacts with its target mRNAs directly, i.e., in a BC1-independent manner. Here five laboratories independently set out to test the BC1-FMRP model. We report that specific BC1-FMRP interactions could be documented neither in vitro nor in vivo. Interactions between BC1 RNA and FMRP target mRNAs were determined to be of a nonspecific nature. Significantly, the association of FMRP with bona fide target mRNAs was independent of the presence of BC1 RNA in vivo. The combined experimental evidence is discordant with a proposed scenario in which BC1 RNA acts as a bridge between FMRP and its target mRNAs and rather supports a model in which BC1 RNA and FMRP are translational repressors that operate independently.

| S-EPMC2206605 | biostudies-literature

Fragile X mental retardation protein interacts with the RNA-binding protein Caprin1 in neuronal RiboNucleoProtein complexes [corrected].

Project description:Fragile X syndrome is caused by the absence of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein. FMRP is associated with messenger RiboNucleoParticles (mRNPs) present in polyribosomes and its absence in neurons leads to alteration in synaptic plasticity as a result of translation regulation defects. The molecular mechanisms by which FMRP plays a role in translation regulation remain elusive. Using immunoprecipitation approaches with monoclonal Ab7G1-1 and a new generation of chicken antibodies, we identified Caprin1 as a novel FMRP-cellular partner. In vivo and in vitro evidence show that Caprin1 interacts with FMRP at the level of the translation machinery as well as in trafficking neuronal granules. As an RNA-binding protein, Caprin1 has in common with FMRP at least two RNA targets that have been identified as CaMKII? and Map1b mRNAs. In view of the new concept that FMRP species bind to RNA regardless of known structural motifs, we propose that protein interactors might modulate FMRP functions.

| S-EPMC3380850 | biostudies-literature

The nuclear isoforms of the Fragile X mental retardation RNA-binding protein associate with genomic DNA bridges.

Project description:The fragile-X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is a canonical RNA-binding protein whose absence in humans leads to the development of the fragile-X syndrome, characterized by multiple phenotypes including neurodevelopmental disorders, intellectual disability, autism, and macroorchidism. The primary transcripts of the FMR1 gene undergo extensive alternative splicing processes, and multiple protein isoforms are produced. The predominantly cytoplasmic isoforms are translational regulators, while the roles of the nuclear ones have been neglected. In this study, we discovered that nuclear FMRP isoforms specifically associate with DNA bridges, aberrant genomic structures that form during mitosis and whose accumulation can drive genome instability by inducing DNA damage. Further localization studies showed that a subset of FMRP-positive bridges contain proteins that have been shown to associate with specific DNA bridges known as ultrafine DNA bridges (UFBs) and surprisingly are RNA positive. Significantly, the depletion of nuclear FMRP isoforms promotes the accumulation of DNA bridges, correlating with the accumulation of DNA damages and cell death, unveiling an important function of these neglected isoforms.

| S-EPMC10162414 | biostudies-literature

Fragile X mental retardation protein regulates translation by binding directly to the ribosome.

Project description:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation, and it is caused by loss of function of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that is involved in the translational regulation of several neuronal mRNAs. However, the precise mechanism of translational inhibition by FMRP is unknown. Here, we show that FMRP inhibits translation by binding directly to the L5 protein on the 80S ribosome. Furthermore, cryoelectron microscopic reconstruction of the 80S ribosome⋅FMRP complex shows that FMRP binds within the intersubunit space of the ribosome such that it would preclude the binding of tRNA and translation elongation factors on the ribosome. These findings suggest that FMRP inhibits translation by blocking the essential components of the translational machinery from binding to the ribosome.

| S-EPMC4019695 | biostudies-literature

The Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) controls diacylglycerol kinase in neurons

Project description:In this study, we sought to identify the mRNAs associated to FMRP protein in mouse cortical neuron using a cross linking immunoprecipitation and microarray (CLIP-microarray). The mRNAs crosslinked at 254 nm to FMRP in mouse cortical neurons cultured 8 days in vitro (8 DIV) were immunoprecipitated with H120 anti-FMRP (Santa Cruz) and reverse transcribed to labeled cDNAs with Ovation Pico WTA system V2 (Nugen) and hybridized on Mouse Gene 1.0ST (Affymetrix) We analyzed total RNA (Input) and FMRP-CLIPed RNA (Clip) from 10 primary cortical neuron mouse cultures (5 Wt Input, 5 FMR1-KO Input, 5 Wt Clip, 5 FMR1-KO Clip). Array data was processed by Affymetrix Exon Array Computational Tool. No technical replicates were performed.

2016-06-01 | E-GEOD-51649 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Modulation of dADAR-dependent RNA editing by the Drosophila fragile X mental retardation protein.

Project description:Loss of FMR1 gene function results in fragile X syndrome, the most common heritable form of intellectual disability. The protein encoded by this locus (FMRP) is an RNA-binding protein that is thought to primarily act as a translational regulator; however, recent studies have implicated FMRP in other mechanisms of gene regulation. We found that the Drosophila fragile X homolog (dFMR1) biochemically interacted with the adenosine-to-inosine RNA-editing enzyme dADAR. Adar and Fmr1 mutant larvae exhibited distinct morphological neuromuscular junction (NMJ) defects. Epistasis experiments based on these phenotypic differences revealed that Adar acts downstream of Fmr1 and that dFMR1 modulates dADAR activity. Furthermore, sequence analyses revealed that a loss or overexpression of dFMR1 affects editing efficiency on certain dADAR targets with defined roles in synaptic transmission. These results link dFMR1 with the RNA-editing pathway and suggest that proper NMJ synaptic architecture requires modulation of dADAR activity by dFMR1.

| S-EPMC3225737 | biostudies-literature

Regulatory BC1 RNA and the fragile X mental retardation protein: convergent functionality in brain.

Project description:BackgroundBC RNAs and the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) are translational repressors that have been implicated in the control of local protein synthesis at the synapse. Work with BC1 and Fmr1 animal models has revealed that phenotypical consequences resulting from the absence of either BC1 RNA or FMRP are remarkably similar. To establish functional interactions between BC1 RNA and FMRP is important for our understanding of how local protein synthesis regulates neuronal excitability.Methodology/principal findingsWe generated BC1-/- Fmr1-/- double knockout (dKO) mice. We examined such animals, lacking both BC1 RNA and FMRP, in comparison with single knockout (sKO) animals lacking either one repressor. Analysis of neural phenotypical output revealed that at least three attributes of brain functionality are subject to control by both BC1 RNA and FMRP: neuronal network excitability, epileptogenesis, and place learning. The severity of CA3 pyramidal cell hyperexcitability was significantly higher in BC1-/- Fmr1-/- dKO preparations than in the respective sKO preparations, as was seizure susceptibility of BC1-/- Fmr1-/- dKO animals in response to auditory stimulation. In place learning, BC1-/- Fmr1-/- dKO animals were severely impaired, in contrast to BC1-/- or Fmr1-/- sKO animals which exhibited only mild deficits.Conclusions/significanceOur data indicate that BC1 RNA and FMRP operate in sequential-independent fashion. They suggest that the molecular interplay between two translational repressors directly impacts brain functionality.

| S-EPMC2990754 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data