Dataset Information

Diversity of epithelial morphogenesis during eggshell formation in drosophilids.

ABSTRACT: The eggshells of drosophilid species provide a powerful model for studying the origins of morphological diversity. The dorsal appendages, or respiratory filaments, of these eggshells display a remarkable interspecies variation in number and shape, and the epithelial patterning underlying the formation of these structures is an area of active research. To extend the analysis of dorsal appendage formation to include morphogenesis, we developed an improved 3D image reconstruction approach. This approach revealed considerable interspecies variation in the cell shape changes and neighbor exchanges underlying appendage formation. Specifically, although the appendage floor in Drosophila melanogaster is formed through spatially ordered neighbor exchanges, the same structure in Scaptodrosophila pattersoni is formed through extreme changes in cell shape, whereas Drosophila funebris appears to display a combination of both cellular mechanisms. Furthermore, localization patterns of Par3/Bazooka suggest a self-organized, cell polarity-based origin for the variability of appendage number in S. pattersoni. Our results suggest that species deploy different combinations of apically and basally driven mechanisms to convert a two-dimensional primordium into a three-dimensional structure, and provide new directions for exploring the molecular origins of interspecies morphological variation.

SUBMITTER: Osterfield M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4460739 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diversity of epithelial morphogenesis during eggshell formation in drosophilids.

Osterfield Miriam M Schüpbach Trudi T Wieschaus Eric E Shvartsman Stanislav Y SY

Development (Cambridge, England) 20150507 11

The eggshells of drosophilid species provide a powerful model for studying the origins of morphological diversity. The dorsal appendages, or respiratory filaments, of these eggshells display a remarkable interspecies variation in number and shape, and the epithelial patterning underlying the formation of these structures is an area of active research. To extend the analysis of dorsal appendage formation to include morphogenesis, we developed an improved 3D image reconstruction approach. This app ...[more]

PMID: 25953345

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Project description:This study evaluated the changes in eggshell mechanical properties, ultrastructure, calcium metabolism-related serum indices, and gene expression in eggshell gland during eggshell formation between laying ducks in the peak (young duck) and late phase (aged duck) of production. A total of 84 healthy young (31 wk of age) and 84 healthy aged (65 wk of age) Longyan laying ducks were each divided into 6 replicates of 14 birds, and caged individually. All the ducks were fed in one house with the same corn-soybean meal-based diet for 5 wk. The eggshell mechanical properties (shell proportion, thickness, breaking strength, and fracture toughness) and chemical components (matrix proteins, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium) decreased in aged laying ducks (P < 0.05). Shell structural indices: total thickness, effective thickness and its proportion decreased, whereas mammillary knob width and its proportion increased (P < 0.05). The regulation values of early fusion, cuffing, caps, and total score of mammillary knobs were higher in aged laying ducks relative to the young ducks (P < 0.05). During the initial, growth and terminal stages of eggshell formation, shell thickness and breaking strength (terminal), shell weight, and its proportion (terminal) decreased in aged laying ducks (P < 0.05). Ultrastructural changes during shell formation indicated that the mammillary-knob density and effective thickness decreased (P < 0.05). Decreases occurred in serum content of phosphorus (growth), and estradiol and calcium contents (terminal) (P < 0.05). Relative expression of Ca2+ transporter and HCO3- exchanger, and matrix proteins genes decreased in aged laying ducks (P < 0.05) at all stages of eggshell formation. Collectively, the decreased incidence of early fusion and caps, increased thickness and width of mammillary knobs, and decreased effective thickness are the crucial differences leading to the compromised mechanical properties of eggshell in the late laying period. A disturbed regulation of calcium metabolism and uterine expression of ion transporters, especially for HCO3- exchange of aged laying ducks likely contribute to age-induced ultrastructural deterioration of the eggshell.

Dataset Information

Diversity of epithelial morphogenesis during eggshell formation in drosophilids.

Publications

Diversity of epithelial morphogenesis during eggshell formation in drosophilids.

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