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Dietary Sodium Suppresses Digestive Efficiency via the Renin-Angiotensin System.

ABSTRACT: Dietary fats and sodium are both palatable and are hypothesized to synergistically contribute to ingestive behavior and thereby obesity. Contrary to this hypothesis, C57BL/6J mice fed a 45% high fat diet exhibited weight gain that was inhibited by increased dietary sodium content. This suppressive effect of dietary sodium upon weight gain was mediated specifically through a reduction in digestive efficiency, with no effects on food intake behavior, physical activity, or resting metabolism. Replacement of circulating angiotensin II levels reversed the effects of high dietary sodium to suppress digestive efficiency. While the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan had no effect in mice fed low sodium, the AT2 receptor antagonist PD-123,319 suppressed digestive efficiency. Correspondingly, genetic deletion of the AT2 receptor in FVB/NCrl mice resulted in suppressed digestive efficiency even on a standard chow diet. Together these data underscore the importance of digestive efficiency in the pathogenesis of obesity, and implicate dietary sodium, the renin-angiotensin system, and the AT2 receptor in the control of digestive efficiency regardless of mouse strain or macronutrient composition of the diet. These findings highlight the need for greater understanding of nutrient absorption control physiology, and prompt more uniform assessment of digestive efficiency in animal studies of energy balance.

SUBMITTER: Weidemann BJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4464075 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary Sodium Suppresses Digestive Efficiency via the Renin-Angiotensin System.

Weidemann Benjamin J BJ Voong Susan S Morales-Santiago Fabiola I FI Kahn Michael Z MZ Ni Jonathan J Littlejohn Nicole K NK Claflin Kristin E KE Burnett Colin M L CM Pearson Nicole A NA Lutter Michael L ML Grobe Justin L JL

Scientific reports 20150611

Dietary fats and sodium are both palatable and are hypothesized to synergistically contribute to ingestive behavior and thereby obesity. Contrary to this hypothesis, C57BL/6J mice fed a 45% high fat diet exhibited weight gain that was inhibited by increased dietary sodium content. This suppressive effect of dietary sodium upon weight gain was mediated specifically through a reduction in digestive efficiency, with no effects on food intake behavior, physical activity, or resting metabolism. Repla ...[more]

PMID: 26068176

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Project description:Background and objectivesUrinary albumin excretion and/or albumin to creatinine ratio are associated with CKD and higher risk of cardiovascular events. Several studies investigated the effect of reduced dietary sodium intake on urinary albumin excretion and/or albumin to creatinine ratio in adult patient populations, but the majority was inconclusive because of insufficient statistical power. A meta-analysis of the randomized, controlled trials available could overcome this problem and lead to more definitive conclusions.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA systematic search of the online databases available (from 1996 to October of 2014) was conducted of randomized, controlled trials that expressed urinary albumin excretion or albumin to creatinine ratio as the difference between the effects of two different sodium intake regimens. For each study, the mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random effect model. Heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses were performed.ResultsEleven studies met the predefined inclusion criteria and provided 23 cohorts with 516 participants and 1-6 weeks of follow-up time. In the pooled analysis, an average reduction in sodium intake of 92 mmol/d was associated with a 32.1% (95% confidence interval, -44.3 to -18.8) reduction in urinary albumin excretion. The effect of sodium restriction was higher in the cohorts including patients on concomitant renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-blocking therapy, in the studies with intervention lasting at least 2 weeks, and among participants with evidence of kidney damage. A greater reduction of urinary albumin excretion was associated with a higher decrease in BP during the intervention. The analysis of changes in albumin to creatinine ratio provided similar results.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis indicates that sodium intake reduction markedly reduces albumin excretion, more so during concomitant renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-blocking therapy and among patients with kidney damage.

Dataset Information

Dietary Sodium Suppresses Digestive Efficiency via the Renin-Angiotensin System.

Publications

Dietary Sodium Suppresses Digestive Efficiency via the Renin-Angiotensin System.

Similar Datasets

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