Providing neurologic care in criminal systems and state mental hospitals.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lonnquist E
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4469346 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundDiagnostic services are an essential component of high-quality surgical, anesthesia and obstetric (SAO) care. Efforts to scale up SAO care in Latin America have often overlooked diagnostics capacity. This study aims to analyze the capacity of diagnostic services, including radiology, pathology, and laboratory medicine, in hospitals providing SAO care in the states of Chiapas, Mexico and Amazonas, Brazil.MethodsA stratified cross-sectional evaluation of diagnostic capacity in hospitals performing surgery in Chiapas and Amazonas was performed using the Surgical Assessment Tool (SAT). National data sources were queried for indicators of diagnostics capacity in terms of workforce, infrastructure and diagnosis utilization. Fisher's exact tests and chi-square tests were used to compare categorical variables between the private and public sector in Chiapas while descriptive statistics are used to compare Amazonas and Chiapas.FindingsIn Chiapas, 53% (n = 17) of public and 34% (n = 20) of private hospitals providing SAO care were assessed. More private hospitals than public hospitals could always provide x-rays (35% vs 23.5%) and ultrasound (85% vs 47.1%). However neither sector could consistently perform basic laboratory testing such as complete blood counts (70.6% public, 65% private). In Amazonas, 30% (n = 18) of rural hospitals were surveyed. Most had functioning x-ray machine (77.8%) and ultrasound (55.6%). The majority of hospitals could provide complete blood count (66.7%) but only one hospital (5.6%) could always perform an infectious panel. Both Chiapas and Amazonas had dramatically fewer diagnostic practitioners per capita in each state compared to the national average capacity.InterpretationFacilities providing SAO care in low-resource states in Mexico and Brazil often lack functioning diagnostics services and workforce. Scale-up of diagnostic services is essential to improve SAO care and should occur with emphasis on equitable and adequate resource allocation.
| S-EPMC7788433 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo explore rural hospital doctors' experiences of providing care in New Zealand rural hospitals.DesignThe study had a qualitative design, using qualitative content analysis.SettingThe study was conducted in South Island, New Zealand, and included nine different rural hospitals.RespondentsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 16 rural hospital doctors.ResultsThree themes were identified: 'Applying a holistic perspective in the care', 'striving to maintain patient safety in sparsely populated areas' and 'cooperating in different teams around the patient'. Rural hospital care more than general hospital care was seen as offering a holistic perspective on patient care based on closeness to their home and family, the generalist perspective of care and personal continuity. The presentation of acute life-threatening low-frequency conditions at rural hospitals were associated with feelings of concern due to limited access to ambulance transportation and lack of experience.Overall, however, patient safety in rural hospitals was considered equal or better than in general hospitals. Doctors emphasised the central role of rural hospitals in the healthcare pathways of rural patients, and the advantages and disadvantages with small non-hierarchical multidisciplinary teams caring for patients. Collaboration with hospital specialists was generally perceived as good, although there was a sense that urban colleagues do not understand the additional medical and practical assessments needed in rural compared with the urban context.ConclusionsThis study provides an understanding of how rural hospital doctors value the holistic generalist perspective of rural hospital care, and of how they perceive the quality and safety of that care. The long distances to general hospital care for acute cases were considered concerning.
| S-EPMC9730364 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hospital managers and the heads of medical departments are nowadays being faced with ever increasing demands. It is becoming difficult for some small hospitals to find highly experienced or even experienced medical staff, to provide specific health-care services at break-even prices and to maintain their position in competition with other hospitals. On the other hand, large hospitals are facing enormous pressure in the investment and costs fields. Cooperation could provide a solution for these problems. For an optimal strategic exploitation of the hospitals, their direction could be placed in the hands of a joint medical director. However, the directorship of two hospitals is associated both with opportunities and with risks. The present article illustrates the widely differing aspects of the cooperation between a medical centre and a general hospital providing standard care from both a theoretical point of view and on the basis of practical experience with an actual cooperation of this type in Heidelberg.
| S-EPMC4168358 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:Individuals with mental illnesses have higher morbidity rates and reduced life expectancy compared to the general population. Understanding how patients and providers perceive the need for prevention, as well as the barriers and beliefs that may contribute to insufficient care, are important for improving service delivery tailored to this population. DESIGN:Cross-sectional; mixed methods. SETTING:An integrated health system and a network of federally qualified health centers and safety net clinics. PARTICIPANTS:Interviews (n = 30) and surveys (n = 249) with primary care providers. Interviews (n = 158) and surveys (n = 160) with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar, anxiety, or major depressive disorders. MEASURES:Semi-structured interviews and surveys. ANALYSIS:Thematic analysis for qualitative data; frequencies for quantitative data. RESULTS:More than half (n = 131, 53%) of clinicians believed patients with mental illnesses care less about preventive care than the general population, yet 88% (n = 139) of patients reported interest in improving health. Most providers (n = 216, 88%) lacked confidence that patients with mental illnesses would follow preventive recommendations; 82% (n = 129) of patients reported they would try to change lifestyles if their doctor recommended. Clinicians explained that their perception of patients' chaotic lives and lack of interest in preventive care contributed to their fatalistic attitudes on care delivery to this population. Clinicians and patients agreed on substantial need for additional support for behavior changes. Clinicians reported providing informational support by keeping messages simple; patients reported a desire for more detailed information on reasons to complete preventive care. Patients also detailed the need for assistive and tangible support to manage behavioral health changes. CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest a few clinical changes could help patients complete preventive care recommendations and improve health behaviors: improving clinician-patient collaboration on realistic goal setting, increasing visit time or utilizing behavioral health consultants that bridge primary and specialty mental health care, and increasing educational and tangible patient support services.
| S-EPMC7220499 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPsychological distress is a major concern for patients with end-stage heart failure (HF). However, psychiatric care for patients with HF is not as organized as that for patients with cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate and compare the barriers faced by health care providers of cardiology and oncology hospitals in providing end-of-life psychiatric care to patients with HF and cancer, respectively.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among the health care providers of Japan. Questionnaires were mailed to physicians and nurses of 427 cardiology and 347 oncology hospitals in March 2018 to assess health care providers' perspectives. First, we compared the scores of the Palliative Care Difficulties Scale and the original scale of end-of-life psychiatric care difficulties between health care providers of cardiology and oncology hospitals. Second, we asked the health care providers to describe the barriers to providing end-of-life psychiatric care with an open-ended question and then compared the freely-provided descriptions using content analysis.ResultsA total of 213 cardiology and 224 oncology health care providers responded to the questionnaire. No significant differences were found between health care providers of cardiology and oncology hospitals in the frequency of experiencing barriers to providing end-of-life psychiatric care (59.8% and 62.2%, respectively). A content analysis identified the following eight barriers: "patients' personal problems," "family members' problems," "professionals' personal problems," "communication problems between professionals and patients," "problems specific to end-of-life care," "problems specific to psychiatric care," "problems of institution or system," and "problems specific to non-cancer patients." The "problems specific to noncancer patients" was described more frequently by health care providers in cardiology hospitals than that in oncology hospitals. However, there were no significant differences in other items between the two.ConclusionAlthough health care providers of both cardiology and oncology hospitals faced barriers to providing end-of-life psychiatric care, those of cardiology hospitals particularly faced challenges pertaining to non-cancer patients, such as unpredictability of prognosis or insufficiency of guideline development. A system of psychiatric care, specifically for patients with HF, should be established.
| S-EPMC10014396 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:Community mental health providers' attitudes toward criminal justice-involved clients with serious mental illness were examined. METHODS:A total of 627 Maryland psychiatric rehabilitation program providers responded to a survey (83% response rate). Measures assessed providers' experience with, positive regard for, and perceptions of similarity, with their clients with serious mental illness. Chi-square tests were used to compare providers' attitudes toward clients with and without criminal justice involvement. RESULTS:Providers reported lower regard for criminal justice-involved clients than for clients without such involvement. Providers were less likely to report having a great deal of respect for clients with (79%) versus without (95%) criminal justice involvement. On all items that measured providers' perceived similarity with their clients, less than 50% of providers rated themselves as similar, regardless of clients' criminal justice status. CONCLUSIONS:Future research should explore how providers' attitudes toward criminal justice-involved clients influence service delivery for this group.
| S-EPMC5880730 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to explore how the care managers put the complex care manager task into practice and how they perceived their task, which was to facilitate effective, person-centred treatment for stress-related disorder concordant with evidence-based guidelines in primary care. DESIGN:This was a qualitative study using examination reports from the course for care managers. Systematic text condensation according to Malterud was used for the analysis. SETTING:Primary health care centres. SUBJECT:Twenty-eight newly educated care managers in primary health care participated in the study. The median age was 50 (31-68) years. Twenty-seven were women and one was a man. Twenty-one were employed as nurses and seven as counsellors. RESULTS:The informants perceived the role as care manager as meaningful but at times complicated. To participate in teams and to work closely with the general practitioner was experienced as important. The co-ordinating function was emphasised as especially important, as well as the increased continuity in care. The dual role as care manager and counsellor was sometimes experienced as problematic. CONCLUSION:The informants took advantage of the knowledge they had attained during the course. They perceived themselves as being a bridge between patients and other professionals. The result of having dual roles at the primary health care centre unexpectedly revealed difficulties for some professionals. The nurses seemed more familiar with the new way of working.
| S-EPMC6850534 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceApproximately 1 in 6 youth in the US have a mental health condition, and suicide is a leading cause of death among this population. Recent national statistics describing acute care hospitalizations for mental health conditions are lacking.ObjectivesTo describe national trends in pediatric mental health hospitalizations between 2009 and 2019, to compare utilization among mental health and non-mental health hospitalizations, and to characterize variation in utilization across hospitals.Design, setting, and participantsRetrospective analysis of the 2009, 2012, 2016, and 2019 Kids' Inpatient Database, a nationally representative database of US acute care hospital discharges. Analysis included 4 767 840 weighted hospitalizations among children 3 to 17 years of age.ExposuresHospitalizations with primary mental health diagnoses were identified using the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Disorders Classification System, which classified mental health diagnoses into 30 mutually exclusive disorder types.Main outcomes and measuresMeasures included number and proportion of hospitalizations with a primary mental health diagnosis and with attempted suicide, suicidal ideation, or self-injury; number and proportion of hospital days and interfacility transfers attributable to mental health hospitalizations; mean lengths of stay (days) and transfer rates among mental health and non-mental health hospitalizations; and variation in these measures across hospitals.ResultsOf 201 932 pediatric mental health hospitalizations in 2019, 123 342 (61.1% [95% CI, 60.3%-61.9%]) were in females, 100 038 (49.5% [95% CI, 48.3%-50.7%]) were in adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, and 103 456 (51.3% [95% CI, 48.6%-53.9%]) were covered by Medicaid. Between 2009 and 2019, the number of pediatric mental health hospitalizations increased by 25.8%, and these hospitalizations accounted for a significantly higher proportion of pediatric hospitalizations (11.5% [95% CI, 10.2%-12.8%] vs 19.8% [95% CI, 17.7%-21.9%]), hospital days (22.2% [95% CI, 19.1%-25.3%] vs 28.7% [95% CI, 24.4%-33.0%]), and interfacility transfers (36.9% [95% CI, 33.2%-40.5%] vs 49.3% [95% CI, 45.9%-52.7%]). The percentage of mental health hospitalizations with attempted suicide, suicidal ideation, or self-injury diagnoses increased significantly from 30.7% (95% CI, 28.6%-32.8%) in 2009 to 64.2% (95% CI, 62.3%-66.2%) in 2019. Length of stay and interfacility transfer rates varied significantly across hospitals. Across all years, mental health hospitalizations had significantly longer mean lengths of stay and higher transfer rates compared with non-mental health hospitalizations.Conclusions and relevanceBetween 2009 and 2019, the number and proportion of pediatric acute care hospitalizations due to mental health diagnoses increased significantly. The majority of mental health hospitalizations in 2019 included a diagnosis of attempted suicide, suicidal ideation, or self-injury, underscoring the increasing importance of this concern.
| S-EPMC10051095 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Crime victimisation is a serious problem in psychiatric patients. However, research has focused on patients with severe mental illness and few studies exist that address victimisation in other outpatient groups, such as patients with depression. Due to large differences in methodology of the studies that address crime victimisation, a comparison of prevalence between psychiatric diagnostic groups is hard to make. Objectives of this study were to determine and compare one-year prevalence of violent and non-violent criminal victimisation among outpatients from different diagnostic psychiatric groups and to examine prevalence differences with the general population.Criminal victimisation prevalence was measured in 300 outpatients living in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with outpatients with depressive disorder (n = 102), substance use disorder (SUD, n = 106) and severe mental illness (SMI, n = 92) using a National Crime Victimisation Survey, and compared with a matched general population sample (n = 10865).Of all outpatients, 61% reported experiencing some kind of victimisation over the past year; 33% reported violent victimisation (3.5 times more than the general population) and 36% reported property crimes (1.2 times more than the general population). Outpatients with depression (67%) and SUD (76%) were victimised more often than SMI outpatients (39%). Younger age and hostile behaviour were associated with violent victimisation, while being male and living alone were associated with non-violent victimisation. Moreover, SUD was associated with both violent and non-violent victimisation.Outpatients with depression, SUD, and SMI are at increased risk of victimisation compared to the general population. Furthermore, our results indicate that victimisation of violent and non-violent crimes is more common in outpatients with depression and SUD than in outpatients with SMI living independently in the community.
| S-EPMC4489091 | biostudies-other
Project description:Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a multisystem vasculitis that presents with a variety of mucocutaneous manifestations such as oral and genital ulcers, papulopustular lesions and erythema nodosum as well as ocular, vascular, gastrointestinal and nervous system involvement. Although it occurs worldwide, it is especially prevalent in the Far East and around the Mediterranean Sea. Male gender and younger age at disease onset are associated with a more severe disease course. The management of BS depends on the severity of symptoms. If untreated, morbidity and mortality are considerably high in patients with major organ involvement. Multidisciplinary patient care is essential for the management of BS, as it is for other multisystem diseases. Rheumatologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, cardiovascular surgeons and gastroenterologists are members of the multidisciplinary team. In this study, we reviewed the epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic criteria sets, clinical findings and treatment of BS and highlighted the importance of the multidisciplinary team in the management of BS.
| S-EPMC5565245 | biostudies-other