Dataset Information

In vitro Anti-Tumor Effects of Statins on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Statins are commonly used against arteriosclerotic disease, but recent retrospective analyses have suggested that statins also prevent cancer. The aim of this systematic review is to verify the vitro anti-tumor effects of statins on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

Studies were gathered by searching Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and PubMed, up until May 9, 2015, with no time or language restrictions. Only in vitro studies that discuss the effect of statins on head and neck carcinoma were selected.

Results

Of 153 identified papers, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies demonstrated that statins had a significant effect on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and influenced cell viability, cell cycle, cell death, and protein expression levels involved in pathways of carcinogenesis, which corroborates with the potential in vitro anti-tumor effects. It provides highlights about the biological mechanisms of statins used alone or associated with traditional therapy for cancer.

Conclusions

Though there are few studies on the topic, currently available evidence suggests that statins shows that preclinical experiments supports the potentiality of statin as an adjuvant agent in chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy approaches routinely used in the management of HNSCC and should undergo further clinical assessment.

SUBMITTER: Pavan LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4476585 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

In vitro Anti-Tumor Effects of Statins on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Pavan Ludmila Madeira Cardoso LM Rêgo Daniela Fortunato DF Elias Silvia Taveira ST De Luca Canto Graziela G Guerra Eliete Neves Silva EN

PloS one 20150622 6

<h4>Background</h4>Statins are commonly used against arteriosclerotic disease, but recent retrospective analyses have suggested that statins also prevent cancer. The aim of this systematic review is to verify the vitro anti-tumor effects of statins on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.<h4>Methods</h4>Studies were gathered by searching Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and PubMed, up until May 9, 2015, with no time or language restrictions. Only in vitro studies that discuss the effect of st ...[more]

PMID: 26098683

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Project description:BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), incorporation of the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab into the clinical management of HNSCC has not led to significant changes in long-term survival outcomes. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to enhance the clinical efficacy of cetuximab could lead to improved long-term survival for HNSCC patients. Our previous work suggests that EGFR inhibition activates the interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathway via tumor release of IL-1 alpha (IL-1α), although the clinical implications of activating this pathway are unclear in the context of cetuximab therapy. Given the role of IL-1 signaling in anti-tumor immune response, we hypothesized that increases in IL-1α levels would enhance tumor response to cetuximab.MethodsParental and stable myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) knockdown HNSCC cell lines, an IL-1R antagonist (IL-1RA), neutralizing antibodies to IL-1α and IL-1β, and recombinant IL-1α and IL-1β were used to determine cytokine production (using ELISA) in response to cetuximab in vitro. IL-1 pathway modulation in mouse models was accomplished by administration of IL-1RA, stable overexpression of IL-1α in SQ20B cells, administration of rIL-1α, and administration of a polyanhydride nanoparticle formulation of IL-1α. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-depleting antibodies were used to understand the contribution of T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune responses. Baseline serum levels of IL-1α were measured using ELISA from HNSCC patients treated with cetuximab-based therapy and analyzed for association with progression free survival (PFS).ResultsCetuximab induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from HNSCC cells in vitro which was mediated by an IL-1α/IL-1R1/MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. IL-1 signaling blockade did not affect the anti-tumor efficacy of cetuximab, while increased IL-1α expression using polyanhydride nanoparticles in combination with cetuximab safely and effectively induced a T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response. Detectable baseline serum levels of IL-1α were associated with a favorable PFS in cetuximab-based therapy-treated HNSCC patients compared to HNSCC patients with undetectable levels.ConclusionsAltogether, these results suggest that IL-1α in combination with cetuximab can induce a T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response and may represent a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for EGFR-positive HNSCCs.

Project description:BackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignant tumor worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. However, the diagnosis and molecular mechanisms of HNSCC remains poor.MethodsRobust rank aggregation method was performed to excavate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in five datasets (GSE6631, GSE13601, GSE23036, GSE30784, GSE107591) from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database extracted hub genes from the protein-protein interaction network. The expression of the hub genes was validated using expression profile from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Oncomine database. The module analysis and disease-free survival analysis of the hub genes were analyzed by Cytoscape and the Kaplan-Meier curve, respectively. The expression of hub genes was verified in clinical specimens. The functions of MMP1 which is most important in hub genes were explored in vitro and in vivo.ResultsTotally, 235 DEGs were identified in the present study which consists of 103 up-regulated and 132 down-regulated genes which were significantly enriched in the molecular function of calcium ion binding followed in the biological process of skin development. The mainly enriched pathways were ECM (extracellular matrix)-receptor interaction (hsa04512) and protein digestion and absorption (hsa04974). Six hub genes were screened out which showed dramatically increased expression in HNSCC samples compared with normal samples, including COL4A1, MMP1, PLAU, RBP1, SEMA3C, and COL4A2. These hub genes all showed worse disease-free survival with higher expression and were up-regulated in HNSCC clinical samples. MMP1 was proved to promote cell growth, migration, and phosphorylation of AKT in vitro and to promote liver metastasis in vivo.ConclusionBioinformatics analysis identified six key genes in HNSCC. Of these, MMP1 is the most likely biomarker. It activates the AKT pathway and promotes tumor progression.

Dataset Information

In vitro Anti-Tumor Effects of Statins on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

In vitro Anti-Tumor Effects of Statins on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

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