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Fetal exposures and perinatal influences on the stool microbiota of premature infants.

ABSTRACT: To test the hypothesis that maternal complications significantly affect gut colonization patterns in very low birth weight infants.Forty-nine serial stool samples were obtained weekly from nine extremely premature infants enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from stool samples was performed to approximate the intestinal microbiome. Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate relationships between perinatal complications and intestinal microbiome development.Subjects with prenatal exposure to a non-sterile intrauterine environment, i.e. prolonged preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPPROM) and chorioamnionitis exposure, were found to have a relatively higher abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the stool across all time points compared to subjects without those exposures, irrespective of exposure to postnatal antibiotics. Compared with those delivered by Caesarean section, vaginally delivered subjects were found to have significantly lower diversity of stool microbiota across all time points, with lower abundance of many genera, most in the family Enterobacteriaceae.We identified persistently increased potential pathogen abundance in the developing stool microbiota of subjects exposed to a non-sterile uterine environment. Maternal complications appear to significantly influence the diversity and bacterial composition of the stool microbiota of premature infants, with findings persisting over time.

SUBMITTER: Chernikova DA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4476945 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fetal exposures and perinatal influences on the stool microbiota of premature infants.

Chernikova Diana A DA Koestler Devin C DC Hoen Anne Gatewood AG Housman Molly L ML Hibberd Patricia L PL Moore Jason H JH Morrison Hilary G HG Sogin Mitchell L ML Zain-Ul-Abideen Muhammad M Madan Juliette C JC

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 20150904 1

<h4>Objective</h4>To test the hypothesis that maternal complications significantly affect gut colonization patterns in very low birth weight infants.<h4>Methods</h4>Forty-nine serial stool samples were obtained weekly from nine extremely premature infants enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from stool samples was performed to approximate the intestinal microbiome. Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate relationships between perinatal ...[more]

PMID: 25394613

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Project description:Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are principal neurotransmitters essential for late gestational brain development and may play an important role in prematurity-related brain injury. In vivo investigation of GABA in the preterm infant with standard proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been limited due to its low concentrations in the developing brain, and overlap in the spectrum by other dominant metabolites. We describe early postnatal profiles of in vivo GABA and glutamate concentrations in the developing preterm brain measured by using the J-difference editing technique, Mescher-Garwood point resolved spectroscopy. We prospectively enrolled very preterm infants born ?32 weeks gestational age and non-sedated 1H-MRS (echo time 68?ms, relaxation time 2000 ms, 256 signal averages) was acquired on a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner from a right frontal lobe voxel. Concentrations of GABA?+?(with macromolecules) was measured from the J-difference spectra; whereas glutamate and composite glutamate + glutamine (Glx) were measured from the unedited (OFF) spectra and reported in institutional units. We acquired 42 reliable spectra from 38 preterm infants without structural brain injury [median gestational age at birth of 28.0 (IQR 26.0, 28.9) weeks; 19 males (50%)] at a median postmenstrual age of 38.4 (range 33.4 to 46.4) weeks. With advancing post-menstrual age, the concentrations of glutamate OFF increased significantly, adjusted for co-variates (generalized estimating equation ??=?0.22, p?=?0.02). Advancing postnatal weeks of life at the time of imaging positively correlated with GABA?+?(??=?0.06, p?=?0.02), glutamate OFF (??=?0.11, p?=?0.02) and Glx OFF (??=?0.12, p?=?0.04). Male infants had higher GABA?+?(1.66?±?0.07 vs. 1.33?±?0.11, p?=?0.01) concentrations compared with female infants. For the first time, we report the early ex-utero developmental profile of in vivo GABA and glutamate stratified by age and sex in the developing brain of very preterm infants. This data may provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disabilities reported in preterm infants even in the absence of structural brain injury.

Dataset Information

Fetal exposures and perinatal influences on the stool microbiota of premature infants.

Publications

Fetal exposures and perinatal influences on the stool microbiota of premature infants.

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