Dataset Information

Dynamic transcriptome analysis and volatile profiling of Gossypium hirsutum in response to the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera.

ABSTRACT: In response to insect herbivory, plants emit elevated levels of volatile organic compounds for direct and indirect resistance. However, little is known about the molecular and genomic basis of defense response that insect herbivory trigger in cotton plants and how defense mechanisms are orchestrated in the context of other biological processes. Here we monitored the transcriptome changes and volatile characteristics of cotton plants in response to cotton bollworm (CBW; Helicoverpa armigera) larvae infestation. Analysis of samples revealed that 1,969 transcripts were differentially expressed (log2|Ratio| ? 2; q ? 0.05) after CBW infestation. Cluster analysis identified several distinct temporal patterns of transcriptome changes. Among CBW-induced genes, those associated with indirect defense and jasmonic acid pathway were clearly over-represented, indicating that these genes play important roles in CBW-induced defenses. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed that CBW infestation could induce cotton plants to release volatile compounds comprised lipoxygenase-derived green leaf volatiles and a number of terpenoid volatiles. Responding to CBW larvae infestation, cotton plants undergo drastic reprogramming of the transcriptome and the volatile profile. The present results increase our knowledge about insect herbivory-induced metabolic and biochemical processes in plants, which may help improve future studies on genes governing processes.

SUBMITTER: Huang XZ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4493570 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dynamic transcriptome analysis and volatile profiling of Gossypium hirsutum in response to the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera.

Huang Xin-Zheng XZ Chen Jie-Yin JY Xiao Hai-Jun HJ Xiao Yu-Tao YT Wu Juan J Wu Jun-Xiang JX Zhou Jing-Jiang JJ Zhang Yong-Jun YJ Guo Yu-Yuan YY

Scientific reports 20150707

In response to insect herbivory, plants emit elevated levels of volatile organic compounds for direct and indirect resistance. However, little is known about the molecular and genomic basis of defense response that insect herbivory trigger in cotton plants and how defense mechanisms are orchestrated in the context of other biological processes. Here we monitored the transcriptome changes and volatile characteristics of cotton plants in response to cotton bollworm (CBW; Helicoverpa armigera) larv ...[more]

PMID: 26148847

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Project description:Cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum cv. CCRI12) were grown in a growth chamber under 29/25Â°C temperature and a 16:8 h light:dark cycle, and water was added every two days. All plants were used in experiments at the 6-7 fully expanded true leaf stage, which occurred 5-6 weeks after sowing. Cotton bollworm (CBW; Helicoverpa armigera) larvae were reared on an artificial diet and maintained at 27 Â± 2Â°C, 75 Â± 10% relative humidity, and 14:10 h light:dark in the laboratory. For insect treatment, seven H. armigera larvae (third instars) were placed on a group of three plants, which were kept within plastic bags (30 Ã? 40 cm), until time of harvest, with samples for each time point maintained separately. Undamaged plants maintained under the same conditions were used as controls. Cotton leaves from control plants and plants exposed to H. armigera were harvested at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after onset of herbivory. For each treatment group and time point, cotton leaves were harvested from the three plants per treatment group and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. For each time point, three replicate treatments and controls were performed. For insect treatment, seven H. armigera larvae (third instars) were placed on a group of three plants, which were kept within plastic bags (30 Ã? 40 cm), until time of harvest, with samples for each time point maintained separately. Undamaged plants maintained under the same conditions were used as controls. Cotton leaves from control plants and plants exposed to H. armigera were harvested at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after onset of herbivory. For each treatment group and time point, cotton leaves were harvested from the three plants per treatment group and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. For each time point, three replicate treatments and controls were performed. In this study we present dynamic transcriptome analysis and volatile profiling of cotton plants fed upon by larvae of a leaf-chewing herbivore CBW. Plant transcriptomic changes induced by CBW were analyzed using Affymetrixâ??s Cotton GeneChips. Samples from a time course of six hour to 48 hours following onset of CBW feeding were analyzed to identify target genes and key pathways involved in the activation of herbivory-induced indirect defense and to explore genetic basis of such defense. In addition, we monitored the accumulation of VOCs, which represent changes in cotton plant phenotype, following CBW infestation.

Project description:BackgroundInnate immunity is essential in defending against invading pathogens in invertebrates. The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is one of the most destructive lepidopteran pests, which causes enormous economic losses in agricultural production worldwide. The components of the immune system are largely unknown in this insect. The application of entomopathogens is considered as an alternative to the chemical insecticides for its control. However, few studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions between pest insects and their pathogens. Here, we investigated the immunotranscriptome of H. armigera larvae and examined gene expression changes after pathogen infections. This study provided insights into the potential immunity-related genes and pathways in H. armigera larvae.ResultsHere, we adopted a high throughput RNA-seq approach to determine the immunotranscriptome of H. armigera larvae injected with buffer, fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana, or Gram-negative bacterium Enterobacter cloacae. Based on sequence similarity to those homologs known to participate in immune responses in other insects, we identified immunity-related genes encoding pattern recognition receptors, signal modulators, immune effectors, and nearly all members of the Toll, IMD and JAK/STAT pathways. The RNA-seq data indicated that some immunity-related genes were activated in fungus- and bacterium-challenged fat body while others were suppressed in B. bassiana challenged hemocytes, including the putative IMD and JAK-STAT pathway members. Bacterial infection elevated the expression of recognition and modulator genes in the fat body and signal pathway genes in hemocytes. Although fat body and hemocytes both are important organs involved in the immune response, our transcriptome analysis revealed that more immunity-related genes were induced in the fat body than that hemocytes. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that, consistent with the RNA-seq data, the transcript abundances of putative PGRP-SA1, Serpin1, Toll-14, and Spz2 genes were elevated in fat body upon B. bassiana infection, while the mRNA levels of defensin, moricin1, and gloverin1 were up-regulated in hemocytes.ConclusionsIn this study, a global survey of the host defense against fungal and bacterial infection was performed on the non-model lepidopteran pest species. The comprehensive sequence resource and expression profiles of the immunity-related genes in H. armigera are acquired. This study provided valuable information for future functional investigations as well as development of specific and effective agents to control this pest.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Chemosensory receptors including olfactory receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs) play a central role in sensing chemical signals and guiding insect behaviours, and are potential target genes in insect pest control. The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most destructive pest species that can feed on over 200 different plant species. This diversity of host plants is likely linked to a complex chemosensory system. Here we built on previous work to characterize crucial chemosensory tissues linked to environmental interactions including larval antennae, larval mouthparts and larval fat bodies, as well as male and female adult heads, male and female adult tarsi, and female abdomens. RESULTS: Using transcriptome sequencing, Trinity RNA-seq assemblies and extensive manual curation, we identified a total of 91 candidate chemosensory receptors (60 candidate ORs, 10 GRs and 21 IRs). Thirty-five of these candidates present full-length transcripts. First, we performed in silico differential expression analysis on different sequenced tissues. Further, we created extensive expression profiles using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR on a variety of adult and larval stages. We found that the expression profile of HarmOR51 was limited to adult male antenna suggesting a role in mating that was further supported by a phylogenetic analysis clustering it into the pheromone receptor clade. HarmOR51 in calcium imaging analysis did not show responses to either of the two H. armigera sex pheromone components (Z9-16:Ald or Z11-16:Ald) inviting a future detailed study. In addition, we found four novel HarmORs (OR1, 53, 54 and 58) that appeared to be larvae-antennal specific. Finally, our expression profiling showed that four "divergent" HarmIRs (IR2, 7d.1, 7d.2 and 7d.3) were expressed in both adult and larval antennae, suggesting a functional divergence from their Drosophila homologues. CONCLUSIONS: This study explored three chemoreceptor superfamily genes using a curated transcriptomic approach coupled with extensive expression profiling and a more limited functional characterization. Our results have now provided an extensive resource for investigating the chemoreceptor complement of this insect pest, and meanwhile allow for targeted experiments to identify potential molecular targets for pest control and to investigate insect-plant interactions.

Dataset Information

Dynamic transcriptome analysis and volatile profiling of Gossypium hirsutum in response to the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera.

Publications

Dynamic transcriptome analysis and volatile profiling of Gossypium hirsutum in response to the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera.

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