Dataset Information

Treatment of Whole Blood With Riboflavin and UV Light: Impact on Malaria Parasite Viability and Whole Blood Storage.

ABSTRACT: Sub-Saharan African countries utilize whole blood (WB) to treat severe anemia secondary to severe blood loss or malaria on an emergency basis. In many areas with high prevalence of transfusion-transmissible agents, blood safety measures are insufficient. Pathogen reduction technology applied to WB might considerably improve blood safety.Whole blood from 40 different donors were treated with riboflavin and UV light (pathogen reduction technology) in order to inactivate malaria parasite replication. The extent of parasite inactivation was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods and was correlated to studies evaluating the replication of malaria parasites in culture. Products were also stored for 21 days at +4°C and monitored for cell quality throughout storage.Plasmodium amplicon was present in 21 samples (>100 copies/mL), doubtful in four (10-100 genome equivalents [gEq]/mL), and negative in 15 U. The majority of asymptomatic parasitemic donors carried low parasite levels, with only six donors above 5,000 copies/mL (15%). After treatment with riboflavin and UV light, these six samples demonstrated a 0.5 to 1.2 log reduction in quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification. This correlated to equal to or greater than 6.4 log reductions in infectivity. In treated WB units, cell quality parameters remained stable; however, plasma hemoglobin increased to 0.15 g/dL. All markers behaved similarly to published data for stored, untreated WB.Pathogen reduction technology treatment can inactivate malaria parasites in WB while maintaining adequate blood quality during posttreatment cold storage for 21 days.

SUBMITTER: Owusu-Ofori S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4498649 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Treatment of Whole Blood With Riboflavin and UV Light: Impact on Malaria Parasite Viability and Whole Blood Storage.

Owusu-Ofori Shirley S Kusi Joseph J Owusu-Ofori Alex A Freimanis Graham G Olver Christine C Martinez Caitlyn R CR Wilkinson Shilo S Mundt Janna M JM Keil Shawn D SD Goodrich Raymond P RP Allain Jean-Pierre JP

Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 20150801

<h4>Background</h4>Sub-Saharan African countries utilize whole blood (WB) to treat severe anemia secondary to severe blood loss or malaria on an emergency basis. In many areas with high prevalence of transfusion-transmissible agents, blood safety measures are insufficient. Pathogen reduction technology applied to WB might considerably improve blood safety.<h4>Methods</h4>Whole blood from 40 different donors were treated with riboflavin and UV light (pathogen reduction technology) in order to ina ...[more]

PMID: 25423125

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Project description:BackgroundMonkeypox virus has recently emerged from endemic foci in Africa and, since October 20, 2022, more than 73,000 human infections have been reported by the CDC from over 100 countries that historically have not reported monkeypox cases. The detection of virus in skin lesions, blood, semen, and saliva of infected patients with monkeypox infections raises the potential for disease transmission via routes that have not been previously documented, including by blood and plasma transfusions. Methods for protecting the blood supply against the threats of newly emerging disease agents exist and include Pathogen Reduction Technologies (PRT) which utilize photochemical treatment processes to inactivate pathogens in blood while preserving the integrity of plasma and cellular components. Such methods have been employed broadly for over 15 years, but effectiveness of these methods under routine use conditions against monkeypox virus has not been reported.Study design and methodsMonkeypox virus (strain USA_2003) was used to inoculate plasma and whole blood units that were then treated with riboflavin and UV light (Mirasol Pathogen Reduction Technology System, Terumo BCT, Lakewood, CO). The infectious titers of monkeypox virus in the samples before and after riboflavin + UV treatment were determined by plaque assay on Vero cells.ResultsThe levels of spiked virus present in whole blood and plasma samples exceeded 103 infectious particles per dose, corresponding to greater than 105 DNA copies per mL. Treatment of whole blood and plasma units under standard operating procedures for the Mirasol PRT System resulted in complete inactivation of infectivity to the limits of detection. This is equivalent to a reduction of ≥ 2.86 +/- 0.73 log10 pfu/mL of infectivity in whole blood and ≥ 3.47 +/-0.19 log10 pfu/mL of infectivity in plasma under standard operating conditions for those products.ConclusionBased on this data and corresponding studies on infectivity in patients with monkeypox infections, use of Mirasol PRT would be expected to significantly reduce the risk of transfusion transmission of monkeypox.

Project description:BackgroundCombining pathogen reduction and automated separation of whole blood (WB), together with the use of improved additive solutions, may increase reproducibility and extend shelf-life of blood components.Materials and methodsForty WB units were collected from volunteer donors and randomised 1:1 into two groups: 1) pathogen reduction with riboflavin and ultraviolet light (PRT); or 2) no treatment (Control). After two hours (h) at room temperature, all units underwent fully automated separation into red blood cell concentrate (RBCC), plasma and leukopack components. RBCCs were leukoreduced and stored in phosphate-adenine-glucose-guanosine-saline-mannitol (PAGGSM) solution while plasma units were shock frozen within 8 h of collection and stored at ≤ -25°C. RBCCs were sampled on day 1 and weekly thereafter until day 42, while plasma was sampled on days 1 and 30. The main study objective was to assess the in vitro quality of separated RBCCs using biochemical and haematological parameters. Plasma protein content after one cycle of freeze-thaw was also analysed.ResultsThe quality of RBCCs was largely comparable between the PRT and Control groups, except for a significantly higher degree of haemolysis and extracellular potassium levels in the PRT group after 35 days of storage. While potassium concentration was significantly higher in the PRT group at all timepoints, the degree of haemolysis exceeded the accepted European threshold (i.e., <0.8% of red cell mass in ≥ 90.0% of tested units) after day 35. Most plasma protein levels were significantly lower in the PRT than the Control group at both day 1 and day 30.DiscussionPathogen reduction with riboflavin and ultraviolet light treatment of WB can be combined with fully automated separation to obtain RBCCs that may be stored for up to 35 days in PAGGSM solution with acceptable quality, comparable to that of RBCCs from untreated blood. The relative differences between factor concentrations in plasma from the PRT and the Control groups were similar during the 30-day storage.

Dataset Information

Treatment of Whole Blood With Riboflavin and UV Light: Impact on Malaria Parasite Viability and Whole Blood Storage.

Publications

Treatment of Whole Blood With Riboflavin and UV Light: Impact on Malaria Parasite Viability and Whole Blood Storage.

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