Dataset Information

BDNF Val(66)Met and 5-HTTLPR Genotype are Each Associated with Visual Scanning Patterns of Faces in Young Children.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have documented both neuroplasticity-related BDNF Val(66)Met and emotion regulation-related 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms as genetic variants that contribute to the processing of emotions from faces. More specifically, research has shown the BDNF Met allele and the 5-HTTLPR Short allele to be associated with mechanisms of negative affectivity that relate to susceptibility for psychopathology. We examined visual scanning pathways in response to angry, happy, and neutral faces in relation to BDNF Val(66)Met and 5-HTTLPR genotyping in 49 children aged 4-7?years. Analyses revealed that variations in the visual processing of facial expressions of anger interacted with BDNF Val(66)Met genotype, such that children who carried at least one low neuroplasticity Met allele exhibited a vigilance-avoidance pattern of visual scanning compared to homozygotes for the high neuroplasticity Val allele. In a separate investigation of eye gaze towards the eye versus mouth regions of neutral faces, we observed that short allele 5-HTTLPR carriers exhibited reduced looking at the eye region compared with those with the higher serotonin uptake Long allele. Together, these findings suggest that genetic mechanisms early in life may influence the establishment of patterns of visual scanning of environmental stressors, which in conjunction with other factors such as negative life events, may lead to psychological difficulties and disorders in the later adolescent and adult years.

SUBMITTER: Christou AI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4500100 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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BDNF Val(66)Met and 5-HTTLPR Genotype are Each Associated with Visual Scanning Patterns of Faces in Young Children.

Christou Antonios I AI Wallis Yvonne Y Bair Hayley H Crawford Hayley H Frisson Steven S Zeegers Maurice P MP McCleery Joseph P JP

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 20150713

Previous studies have documented both neuroplasticity-related BDNF Val(66)Met and emotion regulation-related 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms as genetic variants that contribute to the processing of emotions from faces. More specifically, research has shown the BDNF Met allele and the 5-HTTLPR Short allele to be associated with mechanisms of negative affectivity that relate to susceptibility for psychopathology. We examined visual scanning pathways in response to angry, happy, and neutral faces in relatio ...[more]

PMID: 26217202

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Project description:BackgroundCommon genetic variants, such as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val/66/Met polymorphism (rs6265), are known to interact with environmental factors such as early adversity to increase the risk of subsequent major depression. Much less is known about how they interact with individual differences in cortisol, although these also represent a risk for major depression.AimsTo determine whether this BDNF variant moderated the risk represented by higher levels of morning salivary cortisol in adult women.MethodWe recruited 279 premenopausal women who were at high risk of major depressive disorder because of either negative self-evaluation, unsupportive core relationship or chronic subclinical symptoms of depression or anxiety. Morning salivary cortisol was measured daily for up to 10 days at entry. Participants were followed up for about 12 months by telephone calls at 3-4 monthly intervals. Major depression and severe life events were assessed through interviews at baseline and follow-up; DNA was obtained from the saliva.ResultsThere were 53 onsets (19%) of depressive episodes during follow-up. There was a significant U-shaped relationship between adjusted morning cortisol levels at baseline and the probability of depression onset during follow-up. In total, 51% experienced at least one severe life event/difficulty, and this strongly predicted subsequent onsets of depressive episodes. The BDNF Val/66/Met genotype was not directly associated with onsets of depression or with cortisol levels, but there was significant interaction between Val/66/Met and cortisol: the association between baseline cortisol and depression was limited to those with the Val/66/Val variant. There was no interaction between life events and either this BDNF polymorphism or cortisol levels.ConclusionsMorning salivary cortisol interacts with the BDNF Val/66/Met polymorphism in predicting new depressive episodes. This paper adds to the evidence that single gene polymorphisms interact with endogenous factors to predict depression.

Project description:Previous studies have documented the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms as genetic variants that are involved in serotonin availability and also associated with emotion regulation and facial emotion processing. In particular, neuroimaging and behavioral studies of healthy populations have produced evidence to suggest that carriers of the Short allele exhibit heightened neurophysiological and behavioral reactivity when processing aversive stimuli, particularly in brain regions involved in fear. However, an additional distinction has emerged in the field, which highlights particular types of fearful information, i.e., aversive information which involves a social component versus non-social aversive stimuli. Although processing of each of these stimulus types (social and non-social) is believed to involve a subcortical neural system which includes the amygdala, evidence also suggests that the amygdala itself may be particularly responsive to socially significant environmental information, potentially due to the critical relevance of social information for humans. Examining individual differences in neurotransmitter systems which operate within this subcortical network, and in particular the serotonin system, may be critically informative for furthering our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying responses to emotional and affective stimuli. In the present study we examine visual scanning patterns in response to both aversive and positive images of a social or non-social nature in relation to 5-HTTLPR genotypes, in 49 children aged 4-7 years. Results indicate that children with at least one Short 5-HTTLPR allele spent less time fixating the threat-related non-social stimuli, compared with participants with two copies of the Long allele. Interestingly, a separate set of analyses suggests that carriers of two copies of the short 5-HTTLPR allele also spent less time fixating both the negative and positive non-social stimuli. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that genetically mediated differences in serotonin availability mediate behavioral responses to different types of emotional stimuli in young children.

Project description:BackgroundThe brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein plays a prominent role in the capacity for neuroplastic change. However, a single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 66 of the BDNF gene results in significant reductions in neuroplastic change. Potentially, this polymorphism also contributes to the weaker somatosensory cortical activity that has been extensively reported in the neuroimaging literature on cerebral palsy (CP).AimsThe primary objective of this study was to use magnetoencephalography (MEG) to probe if BDNF genotype affects the strength of the somatosensory-evoked cortical activity seen within individuals with CP.Methods and proceduresand Procedures: Twenty individuals with CP and eighteen neurotypical controls participated. Standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) was used to image the somatosensory cortical activity evoked by stimulation of the tibial nerve. BDNF genotypes were determined from saliva samples.Outcomes and resultsThe somatosensory cortical activity was weaker in individuals with CP compared to healthy controls (P = 0.04). The individuals with a Val66Met or Met66Met BDNF polymorphism also showed a reduced response compared to the individuals without the polymorphism (P = 0.03), had higher GMFCS levels (P = 0.04), and decreased walking velocity (P = 0.05).Conclusions and implicationsThese results convey that BDNF genotype influences the strength of the somatosensory activity and mobility in individuals with CP.What this paper addsPrevious literature has extensively documented altered sensorimotor cortical activity in individuals with CP, which ultimately contributes to the clinical deficits in sensorimotor processing documented in this population. While some individuals with CP see vast improvements in their sensorimotor functioning following therapeutic intervention, others are clear non-responders. The underlying basis for this discrepancy is not well understood. Our study is the first to identify that a polymorphism at the gene that codes for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein well-known to be involved in the capacity for neuroplastic change, may influence the altered sensorimotor cortical activity within this population. Potentially, individuals with CP that have a polymorphism at the BDNF gene may reflect those that have difficulties in achieving beneficial outcomes following intervention. Thus, these individuals may require different therapeutic approaches in order to stimulate neuroplastic change and get similar benefits from therapy as their neurotypical peers.

Dataset Information

BDNF Val(66)Met and 5-HTTLPR Genotype are Each Associated with Visual Scanning Patterns of Faces in Young Children.

Publications

BDNF Val(66)Met and 5-HTTLPR Genotype are Each Associated with Visual Scanning Patterns of Faces in Young Children.

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