Dataset Information

Measuring Compounds in Exhaled Air to Detect Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is diagnosed based upon medical history, neuropsychiatric examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, extensive laboratory analyses and cerebral imaging. Diagnosis is time consuming and labour intensive. Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly diagnosed on clinical grounds.

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to differentiate patients suffering from AD, PD and healthy controls by investigating exhaled air with the electronic nose technique. After demonstrating a difference between the three groups the secondary aim was the identification of specific substances responsible for the difference(s) using ion mobility spectroscopy. Thirdly we analysed whether amyloid beta (A?) in exhaled breath was causative for the observed differences between patients suffering from AD and healthy controls.

Methods

We employed novel pulmonary diagnostic tools (electronic nose device/ion-mobility spectrometry) for the identification of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we analysed breath pattern differences in exhaled air of patients with AD, those with PD and healthy controls using the electronic nose device (eNose). Using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), we identified the compounds responsible for the observed differences in breath patterns. We applied ELISA technique to measure A? in exhaled breath condensates.

Results

The eNose was able to differentiate between AD, PD and HC correctly. Using IMS, we identified markers that could be used to differentiate healthy controls from patients with AD and PD with an accuracy of 94%. In addition, patients suffering from PD were identified with sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Altogether, 3 AD patients out of 53 participants were misclassified. Although we found A? in exhaled breath condensate from both AD and healthy controls, no significant differences between groups were detected.

Conclusion

These data may open a new field in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Further research is required to evaluate the significance of these pulmonary findings with respect to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders.

SUBMITTER: Bach JP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4500505 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Measuring Compounds in Exhaled Air to Detect Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease.

Bach Jan-Philipp JP Gold Maike M Mengel David D Hattesohl Akira A Lubbe Dirk D Schmid Severin S Tackenberg Björn B Rieke Jürgen J Maddula Sasidhar S Baumbach Jörg Ingo JI Nell Christoph C Boeselt Tobias T Michelis Joan J Alferink Judith J Heneka Michael M Oertel Wolfgang W Jessen Frank F Janciauskiene Sabina S Vogelmeier Claus C Dodel Richard R Koczulla Andreas Rembert AR

PloS one 20150713 7

<h4>Background</h4>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is diagnosed based upon medical history, neuropsychiatric examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, extensive laboratory analyses and cerebral imaging. Diagnosis is time consuming and labour intensive. Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly diagnosed on clinical grounds.<h4>Objective</h4>The primary aim of this study was to differentiate patients suffering from AD, PD and healthy controls by investigating exhaled air with the electronic nose technique. Af ...[more]

PMID: 26168044

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Project description:The B/B Checker®, a new portable device for detecting odorous compounds in oral, exhaled, and nasal air, is now available. As a single unit, this device is capable of detecting several kinds of gases mixed with volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in addition to other odorous gasses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the B/B Checker® for detecting the malodor level of oral, exhaled, and nasal air.A total of 30 healthy, non-smoking volunteers (16 males and 14 females) participated in this study. The malodor levels in oral, exhaled, and nasal air were measured using the B/B Checker® and by organoleptic test (OT) scores. The VSCs in each air were also measured by gas chromatography (GC). Associations among B/B Checker® measurements, OT scores and VSC levels were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficients. In order to determine the appropriate B/B Checker® level for screening subjects with malodor, sensitivity and specificity were calculated using OT scores as an identifier for diagnosing oral malodor.In oral and nasal air, the total VSC levels measured by GC significantly correlated to that measured by the B/B Checker®. Significant correlation was observed between the results of OT scores and the B/B Checker® measurements in oral (r = 0.892, p < 0.001), exhaled (r = 0.748, p < 0.001) and nasal air (r = 0.534, p < 0.001). The correlation between the OT scores and VSC levels was significant only for oral air (r = 0.790, p < 0.001) and nasal air (r = 0.431, p = 0.002); not for exhaled air (r = 0.310, p = 0.096). When the screening level of the B/B Checker® was set to 50.0 for oral air, the sensitivity and specificity were 1.00 and 0.90, respectively. On the other hand, the screening level of the B/B Checker® was set to 60.0 for exhaled air, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 and 1.00, respectively.The B/B Checker® is useful for objective evaluation of malodor in oral, exhaled and nasal air and for screening subjects with halitosis.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01139073.

Dataset Information

Measuring Compounds in Exhaled Air to Detect Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Measuring Compounds in Exhaled Air to Detect Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease.

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