Dataset Information

30 day mortality in adult palliative radiotherapy--A retrospective population based study of 14,972 treatment episodes.

ABSTRACT:

Background

30-day mortality (30DM) has been suggested as a clinical indicator of the avoidance of harm in palliative radiotherapy within the NHS, but no large-scale population-based studies exist. This large retrospective cohort study aims to investigate the factors that influence 30DM following palliative radiotherapy and consider its value as a clinical indicator.

Methods

All radiotherapy episodes delivered in a large UK cancer centre between January 2004 and April 2011 were analysed. Patterns of palliative radiotherapy, 30DM and the variables affecting 30DM were assessed. The impact of these variables was assessed using logistic regression.

Results

14,972 palliative episodes were analysed. 6334 (42.3%) treatments were delivered to bone metastases, 2356 (15 7%) to the chest for lung cancer and 915 (5.7%) to the brain. Median treatment time was 1day (IQR 1-7). Overall 30DM was 12.3%. Factors having a significant impact upon 30DM were sex, primary diagnosis, treatment site and fractionation schedule (p<0.01).

Conclusion

This is the first large-scale description of 30-day mortality for unselected adult palliative radiotherapy treatments. The observed differences in early mortality by fractionation support the use of this measure in assessing clinical decision making in palliative radiotherapy and require further study in other centres and health care systems.

SUBMITTER: Spencer K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4504022 | biostudies-literature | 2015 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

30 day mortality in adult palliative radiotherapy--A retrospective population based study of 14,972 treatment episodes.

Spencer Katie K Morris Eva E Dugdale Emma E Newsham Alexander A Sebag-Montefiore David D Turner Rob R Hall Geoff G Crellin Adrian A

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology 20150407 2

<h4>Background</h4>30-day mortality (30DM) has been suggested as a clinical indicator of the avoidance of harm in palliative radiotherapy within the NHS, but no large-scale population-based studies exist. This large retrospective cohort study aims to investigate the factors that influence 30DM following palliative radiotherapy and consider its value as a clinical indicator.<h4>Methods</h4>All radiotherapy episodes delivered in a large UK cancer centre between January 2004 and April 2011 were ana ...[more]

PMID: 25861831

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Project description:Background30-day mortality might be a useful indicator of avoidable harm to patients from systemic anticancer treatments, but data for this indicator are limited. The Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy (SACT) dataset collated by Public Health England allows the assessment of factors affecting 30-day mortality in a national patient population. The aim of this first study based on the SACT dataset was to establish national 30-day mortality benchmarks for breast and lung cancer patients receiving SACT in England, and to start to identify where patient care could be improved.MethodsIn this population-based study, we included all women with breast cancer and all men and women with lung cancer residing in England, who were 24 years or older and who started a cycle of SACT in 2014 irrespective of the number of previous treatment cycles or programmes, and irrespective of their position within the disease trajectory. We calculated 30-day mortality after the most recent cycle of SACT for those patients. We did logistic regression analyses, adjusting for relevant factors, to examine whether patient, tumour, or treatment-related factors were associated with the risk of 30-day mortality. For each cancer type and intent, we calculated 30-day mortality rates and patient volume at the hospital trust level, and contrasted these in a funnel plot.FindingsBetween Jan 1, and Dec, 31, 2014, we included 23 228 patients with breast cancer and 9634 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in our regression and trust-level analyses. 30-day mortality increased with age for both patients with breast cancer and patients with NSCLC treated with curative intent, and decreased with age for patients receiving palliative SACT (breast curative: odds ratio [OR] 1·085, 99% CI 1·040-1·132; p<0·0001; NSCLC curative: 1·045, 1·013-1·079; p=0·00033; breast palliative: 0·987, 0·977-0·996; p=0·00034; NSCLC palliative: 0·987, 0·976-0·998; p=0·0015). 30-day mortality was also significantly higher for patients receiving their first reported curative or palliative SACT versus those who received SACT previously (breast palliative: OR 2·326 99% CI 1·634-3·312; p<0·0001; NSCLC curative: 3·371, 1·554-7·316; p<0·0001; NSCLC palliative: 2·667, 2·109-3·373; p<0·0001), and for patients with worse general wellbeing (performance status 2-4) versus those who were generally well (breast curative: 6·057, 1·333-27·513; p=0·0021; breast palliative: 6·241, 4·180-9·319; p<0·0001; NSCLC palliative: 3·384, 2·276-5·032; p<0·0001). We identified trusts with mortality rates in excess of the 95% control limits; this included seven for curative breast cancer, four for palliative breast cancer, five for curative NSCLC, and seven for palliative NSCLC.InterpretationOur findings show that several factors affect the risk of early mortality of breast and lung cancer patients in England and that some groups are at a substantially increased risk of 30-day mortality. The identification of hospitals with significantly higher 30-day mortality rates should promote review of clinical decision making in these hospitals. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of collecting routine data beyond clinical trials to better understand the factors placing patients at higher risk of 30-day mortality, and ultimately improve clinical decision making. Our insights into the factors affecting risk of 30-day mortality will help treating clinicians and their patients predict the balance of harms and benefits associated with SACT.FundingPublic Health England.

Project description:BackgroundThe purpose of this research was to synthesize the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to investigate the link between preoperative hematocrit and postoperative 30-day mortality in patients with tumor craniotomy.MethodsA secondary retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of 18,642 patients with tumor craniotomy between 2012 and 2015 was performed. The principal exposure was preoperative hematocrit. The outcome measure was postoperative 30-day mortality. We used the binary logistic regression model to explore the link between them and conducted a generalized additive model and smooth curve fitting to investigate the link and its explicit curve shape. We conducted sensitivity analyses by converting a continuous HCT into a categorical variable and calculated an E-value.ResultsA total of 18,202 patients (47.37% male participants) were included in our analysis. The postoperative 30-day mortality was 2.5% (455/18,202). After adjusting for covariates, we found that preoperative hematocrit was positively associated with postoperative 30-day mortality (OR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.928, 0.963). A non-linear relationship was also discovered between them, with an inflection point at a hematocrit of 41.6. The effect sizes (OR) on the left and right sides of the inflection point were 0.918 (0.897, 0.939) and 1.045 (0.993, 1.099), respectively. The sensitivity analysis proved that our findings were robust. The subgroup analysis demonstrated that a weaker association between preoperative hematocrit and postoperative 30-day mortality was found for patients who did not use steroids for chronic conditions (OR = 0.963, 95% CI: 0.941-0.986), and a stronger association was discovered in participants who used steroids (OR = 0.914, 95% CI: 0.883-0.946). In addition, there were 3,841 (21.1%) cases in the anemic group (anemia is defined as a hematocrit (HCT) <36% in female participants and <39% in male participants). In the fully adjusted model, compared with the non-anemic group, patients in the anemic group had a 57.6% increased risk of postoperative 30-day mortality (OR = 1.576; 95% CI: 1.266, 1.961).ConclusionThis study confirms that a positive and nonlinear association exists between preoperative hematocrit and postoperative 30-day mortality in adult patients undergoing tumor craniotomy. Preoperative hematocrit was significantly associated with postoperative 30-day mortality when the preoperative hematocrit was <41.6.

Project description:BackgroundOptimal antibiotic treatment strategies of Haemophilus infections are still needed. Therefore, 30-day case fatality rate (CFR) of Haemophilus bacteremia and efficacy of various antibiotic treatment regimes were studied.MethodsAll episodes of Haemophilus bacteremia in the former Copenhagen County during the period 2000-9 were included in the study. Clinical and biochemical findings and outcome were collected retrospectively from medical records.Results105 consecutive episodes were identified (median age: 69 years, with only 4 children <16 years), 72% were due to non-typeable -, 16% to typeable H. influenzae, and 11% to other Haemophilus species. Pneumonia was the most common primary focus (in 48%), and 58% of the patients had Charlson comorbidity index > 1. Definitive antibiotic therapy was in 26 cases benzylpenicillin, in 12 cases aminopenicillins, in 50 cases cefuroxime and in 16 cases broadspectrum antibiotics, whereas 1 palliative case died without start of therapy. Whereas the use of broadspectrum antibiotics was related to the severity of the disease (admittance to ICU, need for assisted ventilation or hemodialysis, septic shock), no significant difference in clinical features was demonstrated for therapy with benzylpenicillin, aminopenicillin or cefuroxime, except benzylpenicillin was rarely administered to immunosuppressed patients. The CFR was 22% (23/105). The choice of empiric antibiotic therapy was not significantly associated with mortality (adequate vs. inadequate treatment: 23% (21/93) vs. 17% (2/12), respectively, P > 0.05). In contrast, definite antibiotic therapy with cefuroxime or aminopenicillins resulted in a significantly lower CFR than treatment with benzylpenicillin (12% (6/50) or 0% (0/12) vs. 39% (10/26), respectively, Log rank test P < 0.02). When adjustments were made for other identified risk factors in bivariate logistic regression analysis, treatment with cefuroxime was still were found to be associated with a significantly lower CFR than for benzylpenicillin: OR: 0.21 (0.06-0.69), P = 0.01 (hospital-acquired bacteremia), OR: 0.27 (0.08-0.91), P = 0.04 (polymicrobial episodes), OR: 0.16 (0.04-0.59), P = 0.006 (admittance at intensive care unit), OR: 0.22 (0.06-0.82), P = 0.02 (alcohol abuse), OR: 0.15 (0.04-0.60), P = 0.008 (altered mental state), OR: 0.22 (0.07-0.71), P = 0.01 (temperature < 38 °C), OR: 0.23 (0.07-0.79), P = 0.02 (septic shock), OR: 0.21 (0.06-0.69), P = 0.01 (mechanical ventilation).ConclusionOur results suggest that, after susceptibility testing, cefuroxime or aminopenicillins are preferable to benzylpenicillins as definitive therapy for Haemophilus bacteremia.

Dataset Information

30 day mortality in adult palliative radiotherapy--A retrospective population based study of 14,972 treatment episodes.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

30 day mortality in adult palliative radiotherapy--A retrospective population based study of 14,972 treatment episodes.

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