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HCV glycoprotein structures: what to expect from the unexpected.

ABSTRACT: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is continuing to spread worldwide, adding three million new infections each year. Currently approved therapies are highly effective; however, access to them is limited due to the high cost of treatment. Therefore, a cost effective vaccine and alternative antivirals remain essential. HCV envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2, heterodimerize on the virion surface and are the major determinant for virus pathogenicity and host immune response. Recent structural insights into amino-terminal domain of E1 and core of E2 have revealed unexpected folds not present in glycoproteins from related viruses. Here we discuss these structural findings with respect to their role in HCV entry and impact on potential vaccine design and new antivirals.

SUBMITTER: Khan AG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4505365 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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HCV glycoprotein structures: what to expect from the unexpected.

Khan Abdul Ghafoor AG Miller Matthew T MT Marcotrigiano Joseph J

Current opinion in virology 20150316

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is continuing to spread worldwide, adding three million new infections each year. Currently approved therapies are highly effective; however, access to them is limited due to the high cost of treatment. Therefore, a cost effective vaccine and alternative antivirals remain essential. HCV envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2, heterodimerize on the virion surface and are the major determinant for virus pathogenicity and host immune response. Recent structural insights into amin ...[more]

PMID: 25790756

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Project description:Rare, atypical ophthalmological conditions in adults include bulbar conjunctival plexiform schwannomas, which are usually asymptomatic. Few case reports in the literature indicate the presence of orbital/conjunctival schwannomas in adult patients and, rarely, among children under the age of 12. We report a case of a 5-year-old girl who presented in an outpatient clinic with inferior temporal conjunctival nonpigmented cystic lesion of a 10 × 10 mm size. Upon examination, we could not identify a feeding vessel. The mass was mobile and not fixed to the sclera. The history indicated a 1-year duration but the mass in the left eye had progressively increased in size during the last 2 months prior to presentation. There was no traumatic injury or past history of ophthalmic surgery. Surgical excision of the cyst was sucessfully performed, and histopathological examination confirmed bulbar conjunctival plexiform schwannoma diagnosis. Upon regular follow-up evaluation, there was no evidence of recurrence or malignant transformation. Although it is extremely rare to encounter conjunctival schwannomas in children, it should be considered in ovoidal well-circumscribed orbital swellings, particularly those that appear with no history of trauma or surgery to the eye. Surgical excision is effective and safe therapeutic intervention. Plain language summary A 5-year-old girl consulted our ophthalmology clinic for an unusually large swelling in her left eye. It had been increasing in size over the last 2 months before the consultation. She reported no injury or surgery at the swelling site. Apart from the mass, no other abnormality was noted. The family agreed to the surgical removal of the mass, which was performed. Pathological examination revealed a rare tumor called a bulbar conjunctival plexiform schwannoma. This case report is of interest as this type of tumor is rare in children. This case report confirms that surgical removal of these tumors is safe, feasible, and effective as a treatment for this rare condition.

Dataset Information

HCV glycoprotein structures: what to expect from the unexpected.

Publications

HCV glycoprotein structures: what to expect from the unexpected.

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